Focal glomerulosclerosis is the lesion of some glomeruli or some capillary collaterals of glomeruli, also known as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. It is more common in adolescents and is characterized by massive proteinuria and hematuria. Pathologic changes of focal glomerulosclerosis mainly include focal and segmental distribution of the lesion site, manifested as sclerosis of the affected segments, such as increased mesangial matrix, capillary occlusion, and glomerular adhesion. According to the sclerosis site and cell proliferation characteristics can be divided into five types: classic type, collapsed type, apical type, cellular type and non-specific type. Focal glomerulosclerosis can be treated by general therapy, hormones and other immunosuppressants. Among them, general treatment mainly consists of low-salt, low-fat and high-quality protein diet, appropriate application of diuretics (furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide tablets), antihypertensive drugs (lenopril, ramipril), hormones (prednisone acetate) and other immunosuppressants (cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine) in the case of high blood pressure. Patients suffering from focal segmental glomerulosclerosis need to go to regular hospitals in time for examination and treatment to avoid delays.