Fascial compartment syndrome is a syndrome in which the area enclosed by bone and fascia is severely compromised by increased tissue pressure, contents, circulation and function. The clinical manifestations of the disease are pain, persistent swelling and pain at the site of onset that is difficult to relieve, abnormal sensation, localized numbness, hyperalgesia or hypersensitivity, localized pain and pressure, pale, cyanotic, flushed distal extremities, muscle weakness and dysfunction, painful symptoms with passive pulling, muscle atrophy, increased body temperature, and increased pulse rate. The disease is a severely compromised reactive disease, and the causes include chronic soft tissue strain, acute injury, and hemorrhagic disease. Treatment includes fluid administration to correct shock, acidosis and hyperkalemia, blood transfusion to prevent renal failure, and early and effective decompression by incision of the fascial compartment is essential.