Improvement in myelodysplastic syndromes is indicated by a gradual return to normal peripheral blood cell counts, including red blood cell, white blood cell and platelet counts. Myelodysplastic syndromes are malignant diseases of the hematological system, which may be accompanied by an increase in the number of myeloid primitive cells (but less than 20%) and pathological hematopoiesis, resulting in suppression of normal hematopoiesis in the bone marrow and a decrease in peripheral blood cell counts, including anemia, and a decrease in the number of white blood cell and platelet counts. Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes can be treated with demethylation therapy with drugs such as decitabine and azacitidine, combined with chemotherapy with drugs such as cytarabine, or with bone marrow transplantation. After active treatment, the normal hematopoietic ability of bone marrow is restored, which is manifested by the gradual return of normal blood cell counts in the peripheral blood. It is recommended that the patient should go to the Department of Hematology in time, and the specialist should formulate an individualized treatment plan according to the patient’s condition.