Lumbar disc herniation is a syndrome caused by degeneration of the intervertebral disc, rupture of the annulus fibrosus, and protrusion of the nucleus pulposus to irritate or compress the nerve roots and cauda equina nerve, and is one of the most common causes of back and leg pain. Common causes include disc degeneration, trauma, occupation (e.g. drivers, bending activities and sitting work are more likely to suffer from low back pain than standing work), lumbosacral congenital anomalies, pregnancy, genetic factors, etc. Generally, the symptoms are low back pain, sciatica (radiating pain from the lower back to the buttocks, the back of the thighs, the outer calves to the feet, and increasing pain due to increased abdominal pressure when sneezing or coughing in about 60% of patients), and in severe cases, urinary and fecal disorders and abnormal sensation in the perineal area. CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations are of great value in the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation and can clearly show the gap, size and direction of the disc herniation, nerve root compression, whether the ligamentum flavum is thickened, and whether there is narrowing of the spinal canal. Although simple X-ray can not directly reflect the existence of disc herniation, the scoliosis, vertebral body edge hyperplasia and narrowing of the intervertebral space seen can indirectly suggest disc pathology, and the presence of arch root rupture, spinal slippage, tuberculosis and tumor can be detected, which is of great significance for differential diagnosis. The choice of treatment depends on the different pathological stages and clinical manifestations. About 80% of patients can be relieved or even cured by non-surgical treatment. Non-surgical treatment is mainly indicated for those who are young, have a first attack or have a short course of disease; whose symptoms can be relieved by themselves after rest; and who do not have combined spinal stenosis. Treatment modalities include bed rest, traction, massage and massage, physiotherapy, epidural steroid injection, etc. Surgery: It is suitable for those who have been ineffective after conservative treatment, or those who have been effective in conservative treatment but have frequent recurrence and heavy pain, affecting daily life and workers. For those who have significant compression of nerve roots and cauda equina and other important tissues that may have serious consequences without surgical decompression, early detection and early surgery should be pursued. There are various surgical methods, but they all have their own indications. Prevention: Those who often bend over at work should regularly stretch their waist and chest, and use wide belts, while long-term seated workers should pay attention to the height of tables and chairs and change their posture regularly. If you need to bend over to get things, it is best to use hip flexion, knee flexion squatting way to reduce the pressure on the rear of the intervertebral disc. After treatment, the patient should wear a waist brace for a certain period of time and strengthen the lumbar back muscle training.