Prostate enlargement, also known as prostate enlargement, is a common condition that occurs in middle-aged and older men. The prostate enlargement is a benign lesion that occurs in the middle lobe and especially protrudes into the bladder, which may cause patients to have difficulty urinating, frequent urination, urgent urination, and increased nighttime urination, as well as symptoms such as difficulty in urination, thinning of the urinary line, urinary retention, incontinence, and hematuria. In severe cases, there may be hydronephrosis and renal insufficiency. Prostate enlargement is mainly manifested by histological enlargement of the interstitial and glandular components of the prostate, anatomical enlargement of the prostate, urodynamic obstruction of the bladder outlet and clinical symptoms mainly in the lower urinary tract. Patients may present with pathologic changes before the age of 40 years, but most do not develop symptoms until after the age of 50 years. These two conditions in older men as well as functioning testes lead to prostate enlargement. The development of prostatic hyperplasia shows a time-related progression. The functioning testes continuously secrete androgens that stimulate prostate enlargement and hypertrophy. Rectal palpation is a simple and extremely valuable method of diagnosing prostatic hyperplasia and must be performed after emptying the bladder of urine. The actual prostate gland should be examined for boundaries, size, texture, depth of the central sulcus, and the presence of hard nodes and tenderness. If it cannot be detected by rectal examination, it can be diagnosed by ultrasound or urological X-ray.