An anal fistula is often formed after a perianal abscess breaks down or is incised and drained. Perianal abscess is the acute phase of perianal inflammation, the main symptoms of perianal abscess are persistent throbbing pain in the perianal area and obvious redness and swelling of the lesion. Early stage can be treated by warm water sitz bath, taking broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone sodium, ciprofloxacin and other drugs anti-infective treatment, but also through the drug sensitivity test or blood culture, etc. to choose effective antibiotic treatment to control the condition. It is not generally recommended to cut and drain perianal abscess, because after cutting and draining perianal abscess, most of them will form anal fistula. Clinically, perianal abscesses are usually treated with radical surgery, and although the trauma is large and the recovery is slow, the chance of fistula formation will be reduced. While anal fistula is the chronic phase of perianal inflammation, the main symptom is the continuous or intermittent discharge of purulent, bloody or mucous secretion from the external opening of the anal fistula, due to secretion stimulation, the skin of the anus is moist and itchy. It can be treated with bioprotein gel plugging or fistulotomy and hanging. Once found perianal abscess, patients should go to regular hospitals in time, and give standardized treatment as early as possible, which helps to reduce the chances of fistula formation. Drugs should be applied under the guidance of a doctor.