First, TB prevention and control personnel should raise awareness of lung cancer and be highly suspicious of the possibility of lung cancer in patients with TB whose symptoms, signs or X-ray examination results are suspicious and cannot be easily explained by TB. Secondly, in addition to sputum smear examination of tuberculosis bacilli, sputum examination for cancer cells should be done regularly for tuberculosis patients. Third, regular fiberoptic bronchoscopy should be done. Fourthly, percutaneous puncture lung biopsy should be done promptly to clarify the pathological diagnosis when it is difficult to identify the lung lesions, which is less painful and more accurate. Fourthly, for patients clearly diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and coexisting lung cancer, surgery can be considered as long as there are no obvious contraindications to surgical operation.