Etiology of corneal chromatophore rings

The corneal chromatophore ring is one of the clinical manifestations of biliary cirrhosis. The disease occurs in 90% of women, especially in women aged 40 to 60 years old, male: female is 1:8. The etiology of corneal chromatophores: biliary cirrhosis is divided into primary biliary cirrhosis (PrimaryBiliaryCirrhosis, PBC) and secondary biliary cirrhosis (SecondaryBiliaryCirrhosis). The latter is caused by long-term obstruction of the extrahepatic bile ducts. PBC is generally considered to be an autoimmune disease in which lymphocytes are activated and attack the middle and small bile ducts, resulting in an inflammatory response. Histologically, it rather resembles a host rejection of the graft. There are many similarities to the rejection of liver allografts. Clinically, the disease alternates between remission and worsening, often with other autoimmune diseases such as dry syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. The rate of positive anti-mitochondrial antibodies is 90% to 100%, and 80% of patients have a titer greater than 1:80. When studying PBC, some people even include positive anti-mitochondrial antibodies as a case inclusion criterion. Some patients still have antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor, thyroid antibodies, etc. These antibodies can form large immune complexes with the corresponding antigens and cause immune damage through the complement system. Corneal age rings: Corneal age rings are lipid-like deposits in the stroma of the peripheral cornea. It is seen in the elderly and develops in both eyes. The initial clouding is in the upper and lower part of the cornea and gradually develops into a ring. The ring is white, usually about 1 mm wide, with a clear outer border and a slightly blurred inner border, separated from the corneal limbus by a transparent corneal band. The senile ring is usually a degenerative change with a genetic predisposition, but may sometimes be an ocular manifestation of hyperlipoproteinemia (especially LDL) or elevated serum cholesterol. Cardiogenic cirrhosis: It is the result of recurrent episodes of chronic congestive heart failure. Long-term stasis and hypoxia result in the proliferation of reticular fibrous tissue in the liver, mainly in the center of the liver lobules showing stellate fibrosis, and the fibrous tissue divides the liver lobules to form irregular cell clusters, i.e., pseudobullet formation.