Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease with multisystem damage and belongs to a type of rheumatic immune disease. The prevalence of SLE is high, about 30.13 to 40.14/100,000 people in China. Genetics, infection, and estrogen are related to the development of SLE. Abnormal immune inflammation is its pathological feature and is caused by the autoimmune system attacking the body’s own cells. However, the exact pathogenesis remains unclear. The clinical manifestations of SLE are complex and varied. In mild cases, only fever, rash, arthritis, oral ulcers, and photosensitivity are seen. In moderately ill patients, multi-system and multi-organ damage may occur, such as hemolytic anemia, granulocyte deficiency, thrombocytopenic purpura, nephritis, plasma membrane effusion, liver damage, interstitial lung lesions, headache, epilepsy, psychiatric abnormalities, etc. In critical cases, death may occur. In laboratory tests, serum is positive for many autoantibodies such as anti-nuclear antibody, anti-double-stranded DNA antibody and anti-Sm antibody. At present, the treatment of SLE is mainly based on drugs, and glucocorticoids plus immunosuppressants are most commonly used. Plasma exchange, autologous stem cell transplantation and Chinese medicine also have certain therapeutic effects. Therefore, SLE is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology but great danger. Early diagnosis, systematic and standardized treatment are the keys to keep the disease stable.