Most of the back pain is caused by incorrect posture, excessive obesity, insufficient exercise, mental stress, chronic fatigue, etc. This is the so-called “low back pain”. There are many causative factors that cause low back pain, and how to find the correct cause of low back pain from many causative factors requires careful examination and analysis by the doctor, which means that the patient has low back pain and the doctor has headache. Sacral spine. These abnormalities form weak defects in the bony structure of the lumbosacral region, weakening the stability of the spine, causing changes in the biology of the spine, destabilizing its biomechanics, causing imbalances and uncoordinated movements of the lumbar back muscles, and thus making the spine and its nearby structures more susceptible to injury, extrusion and traction, especially the muscles and ligaments, resulting in various acute and chronic low back pains due to unbalanced forces. It is not uncommon for symptoms of low back and leg pain to be truly caused by lumbosacral spinal deformities. According to statistics, about l/3 of healthy people have different degrees of lumbosacral deformities, which usually have no symptoms and are only discovered when they are subjected to trauma or due to other diseases when they have an X-ray examination. Therefore, congenital malformations of the spine do not always cause lumbar and leg pain. Common congenital malformations of the spine include: occult spina bifida. Lumbar sacralization, sacral lumbarization, lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar spondylolisthesis, congenital short neck and scoliosis, etc. (2) Traumatic factors: traumatic lumbar pain includes two factors: acute trauma and cumulative injury. Pain caused by vertebral fractures, dislocations and small joint muscle injuries due to various direct violence, indirect violence or pulling of muscles and ligaments, etc. is acute traumatic lumbago. Pain caused by strain on the neck, shoulder, lumbar and leg muscles due to poor body position in labor, life, work and study over time is chronic cumulative strain pain. Experts emphasize that any excessive external force, load, frequency and range of activity can increase the stress on the muscles, ligaments and bones and joints of the neck, shoulder and lumbar region. In order to compensate, the muscles have to be under constant tension or spasm, and over time, acute or chronic lesions of muscles, fascia, ligaments and even spinal joints are bound to occur. Common traumatic lumbar pain are: acute lumbar sprain (also known as “flash back” or “fork”), lumbar muscle strain. (3) Inflammatory factors: Inflammatory factors that cause lumbago lesions include two aspects: one is the infectious inflammation of bones, joints and soft tissues in the lumbar region caused by specific infectious sources, such as typhoid fever, syphilis, tuberculosis, etc., and the infectious inflammation formed by the invasion of various purulent bacteria into the body, such as osteomyelitis, etc., which can lead to lumbago; the other is the aseptic inflammation of soft tissues caused by trauma, strain, cold, humidity and muscle spasm, etc. Soft tissue aseptic inflammation, lesion site congestion, edema, exudation and fibrous tissue adhesion, which leads to low back pain, which is a common factor of inflammatory factor low back pain. Common aseptic inflammation caused by low back and leg pain disease are: ankylosing spondylitis, low back fascial fibrositis, etc. (4) Degenerative factors: the human body develops and matures. The metabolism of substances gradually change, causing a series of aging changes in the performance and structure of tissues and organs, called “degenerative changes”. Degeneration of the spine involves bones, cartilage and soft tissues. It begins with spinal instability caused by dehydration, degeneration and volume reduction of the intervertebral disc, followed by protrusion and prolapse of the nucleus pulposus, tearing of the ligamentous periosteum, hematoma formation between the ligament and the intervertebral disc, followed by bone spur formation at the edge of the vertebral body, as well as degeneration and rupture of fibrous tissues such as tendons, ligaments and joint capsules, and proliferation of fibrous tissue. Degeneration gradually increases with age and exceeds the compensatory capacity, disrupting the mechanical balance of the spine and leading to symptoms of low back pain. Degenerative changes in the spine cause pain in the majority of patients with low back and leg pain. Degenerative changes include: lumbar disc herniation, degenerative spondylitis, osteoporosis, age-related kyphosis (hunchback), pseudospondylolisthesis and secondary lumbar spinal stenosis. (5) Tumorigenic factors: spinal tumors are divided into benign and malignant. Some of them occur in the spine itself, called “primary tumor”; the other is metastasis from other organs, called “metastatic tumor”. Malignant tumors of the spine are characterized by severe pain and progressive aggravation, with serious consequences, and should be vigilant for early detection, diagnosis and treatment. (6) Involvement of visceral diseases: systemic diseases can affect the spine, including digestive system, genitourinary system, respiratory and circulatory system, endocrine disorders, metabolic disorders and gynecological diseases can affect the neck, shoulder, waist and legs, resulting in pain and other symptoms. Therefore, it is necessary to make a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of patients with low back pain, make a correct diagnosis, and fully consider the complexity of the causes of low back pain.