Discography With the widespread use of MRI technology, multi-segmental degeneration is often detected, and the question of how to locate the pathogenic stage and to clarify the relationship between imaging abnormalities and clinical symptoms has become an important issue, based on which discography is increasingly becoming a hot topic for clinical application and research. The significance of discography is to identify discogenic lower back pain, to identify whether the pain originates from the corresponding disc, and to assess the significance of abnormal findings on imaging and whether they are related to symptoms. Discography is generally performed under local anesthesia because the patient’s sensation and response is the focus of the test so that the patient can remain awake and able to communicate during the procedure. The patient is placed prone and cushioned to elevate the thoracolumbar segment with the aim of reducing lumbar anterior lordosis, and it is noted that the needle point should be located on the non-painful side. The patient was asked about the location, nature, degree of pain, and whether it was consistent with the usual symptoms. If the patient’s pain was consistent with the usual site and nature, and the degree was comparable to or heavier than usual, the diagnosis was positive discography; if the patient’s pain response could not be induced or the pain induced was inconsistent with the usual site and nature, the discography was considered negative. The degree of degeneration of the fibrous annulus is divided into 4 grades: grade 0, the contrast agent fills the normal nucleus pulposus space; grade 1, the contrast agent fills less than 10% of the normal fibrous annulus area; grade 2, the contrast agent fills 10% to 50% of the fibrous annulus area; grade 3, the contrast agent fills more than 50% of the fibrous annulus area. The degree of fibrous ring rupture is divided into 4 grades: grade 0, the contrast agent is completely confined in the nucleus pulposus; grade 1, the contrast agent flows into the inner fibrous ring along the fissure; grade 2, the contrast agent flows into the outer fibrous ring; grade 3, the contrast agent flows out of the outer layer of the ring or into the epidural cavity. grade 0 and grade 1 are normal, and grade 2 and grade 3 are fibrous ring rupture. Most require more than 2 segments to be contrasted. Indications include: 1) selection of patients without the other complex influencing factors mentioned above; 2) blinded approach and selection of adequate control interstitial discs during the imaging procedure; 3) determination of positive results must be consistent with the patient’s chief complaint.