Esophageal erosion can become cancerous for the following reasons: Firstly, esophagitis: due to bacterial and viral infections, frequent eating of hot food, stimulation by nitrosamines and other factors, the esophageal mucosa is subjected to the action of pathogenic factors for a long time, causing inflammatory changes, which usually manifest as nausea, vomiting, acid reflux and heartburn. Usually gastroscopy will show that the mucosa of the esophagus is congested, edematous, erosion or even ulcerative changes. Especially in patients with Barrett’s esophagus, the esophageal mucosa will also have erosion, and Barrett’s esophagus is closely related to esophageal adenocarcinoma, which has a very high risk of malignant transformation. Secondly, in case of esophageal cancer, especially in patients with early stage cancer, their esophageal mucosal lesions are not obvious and will have inflammatory changes such as bleeding, erosion, necrosis and ulceration, which are often mistaken for inflammation and lose the opportunity of early detection and treatment, and when their lesions develop to a serious level, they will have mass formation or occupying lesions. Therefore, esophageal erosion is cancerous, not only inflammatory lesions, but also malignant changes. It is recommended that patients who have esophageal erosion must undergo biopsy under gastroscopy to clarify the nature of erosion. Early detection, early treatment, and regular checkups to avoid delaying the disease.