There are the following precautions after rectal cancer surgery: 1. Care according to the general postoperative care routine of surgery. 2.After colon resection, the patient’s blood pressure is stabilized and changed to semi-recumbent position, and 24 hours after rectal cancer surgery, changed to slope position or lateral position. 3.Fastening, rehydration, keeping the gastrointestinal decompression open and observing the nature of drainage fluid, and accurately recording the drainage flow. 4. Closely observe the changes of blood pressure and pulse rate, and pay attention to whether there is leakage of fluid and blood from the wound. 5. Pay attention to maintaining water-electrolyte and acid-base balance. 6.After opening the artificial anus, the patient should be in the lateral position and the abdominal wound should be covered with wide adhesive tape to prevent feces from contaminating the wound. If there is no defecation or exhaustion after three days of opening, the cause should be identified, also available catheter from the fistula mouth injected paraffin oil 50-100ml, if still can not defecate, 2 hours later available warm saline 300ml instillation, a week later to teach patients to wear gloves with index finger inserted into the fistula mouth to expand the fistula mouth, every other day, regular expansion of the fistula mouth after discharge to prevent stenosis. 7, after the wound around the intestinal fistula heals, the artificial anus can be used to collect stool, and teach the patient to use the artificial anal bag. 8, colostomy about 2-3cm intestinal tube exposed, should pay attention to observation, such as water available hypertonic saline wet dressing, such as the color becomes purple and dark, indicating that the intestinal blood flow disorders, should be promptly reported to the doctor. 9.After rectal cancer surgery, urinary retention is often complicated by sacral plexus nerve injury. Generally, urinary catheter is left for 5-7 days to keep it open, drink more water and turn over regularly to prevent urinary stones. 10.After removal of various drains, encourage the patient to leave the bed and avoid heavy physical labor for 1-3 months after surgery to prevent colonic exstrophy caused by increased abdominal pressure. 11.Observe defecation to prevent obstruction caused by fecal obstruction of the fistula. 12.Before discharge, instruct the patient to take care of the artificial anal pouch, and do a good job of life and diet hygiene education.