Anti-sperm antibodies can fight against sperm making them less viable and making it difficult for them to combine properly with an egg, and can be produced in both men and women, making this test clinically important for patients with infertility. Anti-sperm antibodies are usually looked for in blood, semen, and vaginal fluids, and if the test results are positive, normal conception may be affected. For male patients, when anti-sperm antibodies are positive, it may lead to a decline in sperm vitality and poor sperm quality, and some patients may even develop azoospermia, leading to male infertility. For female patients, a positive antisperm antibody generally indicates that the female immune system treats the male sperm as a foreign object and is resistant to it, which may affect sperm transit in the female reproductive tract, impede the combination of sperm and egg, or prevent the fertilized egg from implanting, thus leading to female infertility. It is recommended that couples who continue to prepare for pregnancy unsuccessfully can go to regular hospitals for anti-sperm antibody testing to clarify the cause of infertility and actively treat it.