Anti-HCVAg positivity is one of the symptoms that confirm the diagnosis of noncryoglobulinemic MPGN (membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis) as well as membranous nephropathy. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that was first identified in 1989 and is now estimated to affect approximately 100 × 106 people worldwide, mainly through blood product transmission and intravenous drug use. The relationship between HCV infection and glomerular diseases has gradually increased in the last decade, and it is now believed that HCV-related kidney damage mainly includes cryoglobulinemic MPGN, noncryoglobulinemic MPGN, and membranous glomerulopathy (MPGN). membranous nephropathy (MN). The main source of HCV infection is blood transfusion and application of blood products, therefore screening of blood donors for anti-HCV is currently the main measure to prevent HCV infection. Contamination of blood products with HCV is also an important source of HCV infection. To reduce the contamination of blood products in addition to blood donors should be strictly screened, the production process of blood products, how to effectively inactivate HCV and still maintain the activity of biological products, is yet to be further studied. The ultimate control of the disease will depend on the application of a vaccine, and the successful cloning of HCV molecules offers the possibility of vaccine development for hepatitis C. However, because there are different types of HCV, the vaccine can be used to treat the disease. The prevention of HCV kidney damage depends on the prevention and effective treatment of hepatitis C. 1. α-Interferon (α-IFN) has been effective in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. After treatment, serum HCV RNA conversion rate can reach 50% to 80%, but after stopping the drug about half of the HCV RNA turned positive again, and then use alpha interferon is still effective. The improvement of liver function and liver lesions were seen at the same time as the negative HCV replication index. This suggests that interferon has an inhibitory effect on HCV, but cannot completely clear the virus. The time of relapse is mostly 6-12 months after treatment. If ALT continues to be normal and serum HCV RNA is negative 12 months after treatment, the disease may be cured. 2, triazolyl nucleoside (rilavirin, virus azole) for a broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, treatment of chronic hepatitis C is not as effective as interferon. There is no significant reduction in serum and liver HCV-RNA. 3, interferon (interferon, IFN) treatment IFN treatment of post-transfusion chronic hepatitis C durable response rate of 25%, can prevent 30% of acute hepatitis C to chronic progression, so far, IFN is still the recognized treatment of hepatitis C virus drugs. Omata reported that those with normalized ALT after 1 year of post-transfusion hepatitis C were 64% in the IFN-treated group and 7% in the control group, and those with negative HCV RNA 3 years after transfusion were 90% in the IFN-treated group and 0% in the control group. It is generally accepted that the shorter the duration of HCV infection, the less severe the liver histological lesions, and the lower the level of virus in the blood, the better the outcome. Therefore, IFN antiviral therapy should be considered in patients with acute hepatitis C and persistent non-decreasing blood ALT. Chronic hepatitis C patients with the following indicators may also be treated with IFN: ① persistent abnormal serum ALT; ② chronic hepatitis features on liver histology; ③ previous history of drug injection or medical workers; ④ except for other causes of liver disease, especially autoimmune liver disease; ⑤ positive HCV serum indicators. IFN dose is currently generally used 3-5mV, 3 times a week for 6 months. It has been reported that more than 50% of patients with chronic hepatitis C have improved biochemical and histological parameters during interferon therapy, but some patients relapse within 6-12 months. However, if the patient continues to have normal ALT and negative serum HCV RNA at 12 months after treatment, he or she may be cured. Prolonging the course of treatment may improve the response rate. The factors affecting the efficacy of IFN are mainly related to the following factors in addition to age and duration of disease: ① Genotype: genotype II IFN treatment is poor and type III treatment is good; ② Serum HCV RNA level: it is generally believed that the initial HCV RNA titer of patients is highly correlated with the efficacy of IFN. low initial HCV RNA titer is associated with good IFN treatment; ③ Viral variation: it has been proposed that Enomoto et al. analyzed the full-length HCV gene sequence and amino acid sequence in patients infected with each HCV-1b strain and found that patient response to IFN therapy was associated with changes in HCV-1b quasispecies. One of the patients had two HCV quasispecies before IFN treatment, one of which disappeared from the patient shortly after IFN treatment, while the other quasispecies remained unchanged throughout the IFN treatment period. When comparing the sequence differences between the two quasispecies, it was found that mutations occurred mainly in the codon sequence (2209-2248) at the hydroxyl end of the HCVNS5A protein. This region is called “IFN susceptibility determining region (ISDR)”, and it is believed that all quasispecies with prototype HCV-1b are IFN-tolerant, while quasispecies with ISDR mutations are IFN-sensitive, with the latter having significantly higher IFN efficacy than the former. 4, Ribavirin (Triazolyl nucleoside, Virazole, Ribavirin) Currently, most scholars at home and abroad believe that ribavirin treatment of chronic hepatitis C, in improving liver function, antiviral shows some efficacy, but this effect can not be maintained after discontinuation, can be used with IFN or immunomodulators to improve the efficacy. 5, liver transplantation Chronic hepatitis C in advanced stages can be treated with liver transplantation. However, HCV infection often occurs in the newly transplanted liver, which is caused by extrahepatic HCV transmission, and acute severe hepatitis can also occur.