Since its development in 2002, ultrasound endoscopy-guided transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy (EBUS a TBNA) has been recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guidelines for lung cancer in 2007 as an important tool for preoperative evaluation of lung cancer, providing a new standard for mediastinal staging of lung cancer and potentially replacing surgical mediastinoscopy in terms of trend. In 2008, EBUS-TBNA equipment was introduced and put into clinical use in China. Currently, only a few hospitals in China are performing this work. The technology is based on an ultrasound probe device mounted on the front of the bronchoscope, combined with a special suction biopsy needle that allows needle aspiration biopsy (TBNA) to be performed under real-time ultrasound guidance. The color Doppler with an electron convex array scan on board can simultaneously help confirm the location of the vessel and prevent accidental vessel penetration. Usually the outer diameter of the puncture aspiration needle is 22 gauge, so adequate tissue samples can be obtained in the majority of cases. The current national? s diagnostic rate for this puncture is 89-97%, both internally and externally. The main indications for EBUS-TBNA are: 1) evaluation of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes in metastatic tumors in the lung; 2) evaluation of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes in primary lung cancer; 3) diagnosis of hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement of unknown origin; 4) identification and diagnosis of mediastinal tumors and infiltration of the wall of tracheobronchial primary tumors; 5) detection of submucosal lesions in the airway; 6) determination of whether esophageal cancer has invaded the trachea and bronchi. Contraindications to EBUS examination are as follows: 1) poor general condition, weakness and inability to tolerate general anesthesia; 2) inability to cooperate with the examination; 3) unstable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, severe arrhythmia, severe cardiac insufficiency, failure to effectively control hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases; 4) patients with respiratory failure; 5) allergy to anesthetic drugs; 6) severe bleeding tendency and coagulation disorders. Patients with severe bleeding tendency and coagulation disorder; 7, patients with high fever and hemoptysis; 8, patients with aortic aneurysm at risk of rupture and severe superior vena cava obstruction. So far, the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Haidian Hospital has completed hundreds of cases of EBUSTBNA, with a diagnosis rate of 96.77%, which has basically reached the advanced level at home and abroad. We adopt intravenous general anesthesia and laryngeal mask-assisted ventilation, with short operation time, safe operation and little pain, and patients can get out of bed 6 hours after operation, and resume normal activities on the 1st day after operation.