Although the incidence of diabetes in children is low, there has been a gradual increase in recent years. Most children with diabetes belong to type 1, which is more severe and prone to ketoacidosis. If the disease is not well controlled, it will seriously affect the growth and development of children. Since diabetes in children has many special characteristics that are different from those of adults, it is important to grasp its characteristics so that prevention and treatment can be carried out in a targeted manner. More than half of the first symptoms of childhood diabetes appear as ketoacidosis, and the younger the age of onset, the higher the incidence of ketoacidosis. The younger the patient is, the higher the incidence of ketoacidosis. Patients have typical symptoms such as thirst, polyuria, polyphagia and wasting. Acute and chronic dehydration, physical weakness, and malnutrition may occur. Since the islet function of the affected children is very poor, the condition is unstable, blood sugar is not easily controlled, and the metabolism in the body is seriously disturbed, so the growth and development of children are often affected, and growth retardation, wasting, and liver enlargement are seen. 2, children with diabetes often have low plasma insulin and C-peptide levels and low insulin beta cell storage function, so they cannot use oral drugs, especially not sulfonylureas, but must be treated with insulin. 3. Because of the absolute insufficiency of insulin secretion in children with diabetes itself, most of them must rely on exogenous insulin therapy. In case of improper use or discontinuation of insulin as well as poor dietary control and infection, ketoacidosis may easily occur. 4.Chronic complications of diabetes in children are more common with nephropathy and retinopathy occurring on the basis of microangiopathy, which must be prevented early and treated promptly. 5. Nowadays, some children have obese type 2 diabetes because of high calorie and high fat diet. The treatment is roughly the same as that for adults, based on the principle of total calorie control and reasonable diet, supplemented by oral medication.