Convulsions are one of the common pediatric emergencies, also known as convulsions, which manifest as sudden onset of general or local muscle convulsions, mostly accompanied by double eyeballs turning upward, staring, squinting, or frequent blinking, pale or purple lips and face, closed teeth, and white foam at the mouth. Sometimes the seizures are repeated or even continuous. It is more common in infants and children. The frequent seizures or persistent state of convulsions can endanger the life of the child or leave serious sequelae, affecting the intellectual development and health of the child. The etiology of convulsions is complex, divided into infectious and non-infectious, and can be further divided into intracranial and extracranial lesions according to the site of involvement. Febrile convulsions are the most common type of convulsions in extracranial infections and occur when fever is above 38°C due to infections outside the pediatric central nervous system, accounting for the vast majority of pediatric convulsions, mostly occurring in the early stages of upper respiratory tract infections or certain infectious diseases. Repeated convulsions can have a serious impact on children’s health, so it is an effective measure to protect children’s health by actively finding the cause and preventing them under the guidance of a doctor in a timely manner.