The survival time after rectal cancer resection is related to the pathological type of cancer, clinical stage, general condition of patients and treatment, and the specific survival time cannot be generalized. The survival time of rectal cancer patients has individual differences. Different pathological types, different clinical stages and different patient conditions, choosing different treatments, have different prognosis. For early stage rectal cancer, the malignancy degree is relatively low and patients can tolerate surgery, radical surgery can be chosen and the prognosis is better, with 5-year survival rate reaching 80%-90%. Patients with advanced rectal cancer are generally unable to undergo surgery and choose integrated treatment such as radiotherapy, and the 5-year survival rate may be about 30%. Overall, the 5-year survival rate of rectal cancer is about 60%. With the improvement of diagnosis and treatment level, the survival period of rectal cancer patients has been improved. Even in advanced rectal cancer, surgery can be performed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy to improve the survival rate.