Epilepsy is commonly known in our folklore as goat horn madness, sheep epilepsy, sheep epilepsy, sow’s madness. In ancient times, witch doctors believed that it was caused by demonic possession or sins of the gods, and the countryside was treated by seeking divination to exorcise the ghosts, or by relying on shamans or sky gods to exorcise the possessed ghosts in order to cure epilepsy. The ancient Greeks called it a “holy disease” until the fifth century AD when Hippocrates (377-460), the sage of medicine, considered it a brain disease. Epilepsy is also known as “epilepsy” or “epilepsy” in ancient times. The name of epilepsy is also called “epilepsy” or “epilepsy” in ancient times. The explanation of epilepsy by Xu Jibo is quoted in “Wind and Dizziness”: “Adults are called epilepsy, and children are called epilepsy, which is actually one.” In later times, it was generally called epilepsy. It is commonly called “sheep epilepsy” or “sheep epileptic wind” because of the sudden fainting, foaming at the mouth, and twitching of the limbs with the sound of a sheep. Generally, the patient wakes up in a few moments and the symptoms disappear, but the seizures often recur. Mostly caused by liver and kidney yin deficiency, Yang rising and wind moving phlegm and fire on the congestion, the meridians are closed and blocked. The treatment is to calm the liver and quench the wind, clear the heat and phlegm, promote the orifice and fix the epilepsy. In 1925, Jackson, a British neurologist, clearly pointed out that epilepsy is caused by excessive discharge of cortical nerve cells in the brain under abnormal conditions, a great hint that laid the foundation of epilepsy surgery today. In 1973, the World Health Organization: Epilepsy is a chronic disorder characterized by sudden, recurrent, transient partial or whole brain dysfunction caused by excessive excitation of neuronal discharges in the brain due to multiple etiologies. Epilepsy can generally be classified according to its cause: primary epilepsy with an unknown cause and secondary epilepsy with a clinically identifiable cause. Secondary epilepsy, also known as symptomatic epilepsy or acquired epilepsy, is a symptom of a brain disease or systemic disease and accounts for 23% to 39% of all epilepsy patients. In 2001, the International League Against Epilepsy published a new concept of epilepsy: epilepsy is a brain dysfunction characterized by clinical seizures resulting from the presence of chronic and persistent abnormalities in the brain; accompanied by corresponding neurobiological, cognitive, psycho-psychological and behavioral dysfunctions, with at least one epileptic seizure. In 2010, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Classification and Terminology Committee published the report “Revision of Terms and Concepts Related to the Seizure and Epilepsy Classification Framework” in Epilepsia, the official journal of ILAE. The report reflects recent advances in basic and clinical research in the field of epilepsy and introduces important changes to the terminology and concepts used in the 1981 version of the classification of seizures and the 1989 version of the classification of epilepsy and epileptic syndromes, as well as new concepts and terminology. The report concluded that Epilepsy is a brain disorder characterized by the persistence of a predisposition capable of producing seizures with corresponding neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences. A diagnosis of epilepsy requires at least one seizure. The new definition of epilepsy has three elements: 1. At least one seizure: A single seizure or cluster of seizures is difficult to confirm and establish the presence of chronic dysfunction in the brain; therefore, at least one spontaneous seizure of any kind is essential for the diagnosis of epilepsy. 2. Persistent brain changes that increase the likelihood of future seizures (e.g., organic brain damage): i.e., a tendency to have recurrent seizures, epilepsy is a chronic disease and there is chronic dysfunction of the brain, and this brain dysfunction is manifested by recurrent seizures. 3. Concomitant states: Chronic brain dysfunction is the basis of the pathogenesis of epilepsy, and in addition to causing recurrent seizures, it will also have adverse effects on other functions of the brain, while long-term seizures will also have adverse effects on many aspects of the patient’s physical, cognitive, psychiatric and social functioning. From the above definition of epilepsy, we can find that people’s understanding of epilepsy is deepening. Through the examination of a large number of patients with epilepsy, especially the study of a large number of epilepsy surgeries, we believe that epilepsy is a manifestation of brain dysfunction, a series of symptoms due to abnormal lesions of brain tissue. The differences in the location, extent and nature of lesions, as well as the complex brain neurotransmission network and feedback mechanisms, result in a wide variety of seizure symptoms, which can manifest as a variety of seizure forms such as typical grand mal seizures, disoriented seizures, psychomotor seizures, and limited seizures, or as a variety of atypical symptoms such as abdominal pain, demented laughter, hallucinations, and sensory abnormalities. Dysplasia or lesions of brain tissue play a crucial role in seizures. The progressive understanding of epilepsy is of great significance to help prevent epilepsy properly and effectively in a reasonable and effective manner, and more importantly, to help diagnose epilepsy accurately and develop a reasonable and effective drug or surgical treatment plan to treat epilepsy effectively and safely, to prevent being misled by false advertisements, and to treat epilepsy timely and economically. The complexity of epilepsy requires that epilepsy examination and treatment should be carried out in professional epilepsy treatment and research institutions. We sincerely wish every epilepsy patient a speedy recovery!