Ductoscopy Overview: Ductoscopy has now replaced mammography as the preferred means of diagnosing the cause of nipple discharge. Breast ductoscopy, also known as electronic breast fiber endoscopy, has replaced mammography as the preferred means of diagnosing the cause of nipple overflow. It is easy to operate, less invasive and intuitive, and effectively improves the diagnosis of augmentation lesions in the ducts. It can also be used for the treatment of benign ductal lesions, such as minimally invasive excision of diseased ducts, treatment of plasmacytoid mastitis, and localization of tumor guidewires in the ducts. The structure of breast ductoscope includes image transmission and light guide part, camera and light source part, image display part, image management and output part. The ductoscopy system includes fiberscope, camera system, cold light source system, display system and computer-controlled recording system, which can collect static and dynamic image records in real time. Advantages of lactoscopy: 1. Under normal circumstances, it is a non-invasive examination procedure. It can be used as the basis for clinical diagnosis, and it can make the indication of surgery clear for patients with nipple overflow without lumps, and exempt patients who only suffer from symptoms such as ductal dilatation from surgery; meanwhile, it provides a reliable basis for early diagnosis of breast cancer. 3. It provides three-dimensional surgical positioning, clarifies the site and scope of surgery, improves the accuracy and success rate of surgery, and narrows the scope of surgery. For example, the distance of the cancer lesion in the breast duct from the nipple can be correctly determined. 4.With the help of mammoscopic instrument access, some surgical and examination instruments can directly enter the lumen of the milk duct, for example, the cytobrush can be used to remove cells from the lesion (no longer obtaining cell samples by aspirating the fluid in the lumen) for cytological examination, and instruments (such as mesh baskets) can be used to remove single benign spur tumors and complete some local surgeries. 5.With the development of clinical medicine, mammography will create favorable conditions for the application of laser technology to directly remove tumors in the milk ducts. Breast ductoscopy: Nipple overflow as the primary symptom accounts for 3% to 14% of breast diseases, and is second only to breast lumps and breast pain in terms of incidence. Nipple discharge is most commonly associated with breast hyperplasia, intraductal papilloma, breast inflammation, ductal dilatation or breast cancer, while bloody nipple discharge is commonly associated with intraductal papilloma or breast cancer. The significance of ductoscopy: 1. In patients with various kinds of nipple overflow, especially bloody nipple overflow and yellow overflow, the incidence of neoplastic lesions in the milk ducts is about 1/3 to 1/2. In addition, many cases of white overflow are due to swelling in the milk ducts, and all of them need to be treated surgically after ductoscopy. Most of the masses in this area are intraductal tumors or fibroadenomas, which are closely related to the milk ducts. Lactoscopy can clarify the diseased milk ducts, thus guiding the surgery to accurately remove the masses and diseased milk ducts and reduce the chance of local recurrence after surgery. 3. Patients with plasmacytic mastitis around the areola, plasmacytic mastitis is due to the proximal plugging of the milk ducts and the accumulation of secretions, exfoliated cells and inflammatory cells in the milk ducts, thus causing acute and chronic inflammation of the breast. In addition, if the inflammation is limited, the diseased milk ducts can be clearly identified under the ductoscope, and the diseased milk ducts and local scar tissue can be surgically removed. 4, breast pain is a type of breast hyperplasia, partly due to blockage of the proximal milk ducts, so that the distal milk ducts do not drain smoothly and twist and bend, lavage of the milk ducts under lactoscopy and unblocking of the milk ducts can help clarify the diagnosis and achieve a certain therapeutic effect. 5. In patients with cumulative breast cysts, the symptoms can be improved after draining the milk ducts.