OVERVIEW
Overview of Vibrio parahaemolyticus enteritis
Vibrio parahaemolyticus enteritis is an acute intestinal infection caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Acute onset, often with abdominal pain, diarrhea as the first symptom, accompanied by nausea, vomiting and so on.
Whether medical insurance
Yes, it is
Department
Gastroenterology, Infection, Emergency Medicine
Synonyms
Salt-loving bacteria food poisoning
Clinical Symptoms
Abdominal pain and diarrhea are the first symptoms, accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
Hazards
Toxic shock, dehydration, electrolyte disorders, circulatory failure, impaired consciousness, etc., which can be life-threatening.
Complications
Toxic shock, dehydration, electrolyte disorders, circulatory failure, impaired consciousness, etc.
Examination
Blood routine, stool routine, bacterial culture, polymerase chain reaction, serum agglutination test, etc.
Diagnosis
According to the history of eating seafood, pickled products or contaminated food, acute onset, abdominal pain, diarrhea as the first symptom, may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting and other clinical manifestations can be initially diagnosed, combined with bacteriological and serological examination can be confirmed.
Treatment principle
Symptomatic supportive treatment, anti-infection treatment.
Curability
The disease is self-limiting and recovery is generally quick.
Dietary advice
Terminate the consumption of suspicious food, give fluid or semi-fluid diet, avoid cold, greasy and high-fiber food, gradually return to normal diet when the condition improves, pay attention to replenish water. Pay attention to dietary hygiene and prevent cross-contamination of raw and cooked food.
Causes
Epidemiology
High incidence in coastal areas, high incidence in summer and fall, most common in young adults.
Etiology
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is often caused by direct attack of the organism by raw food or eating seafood, pickled products or contaminated food that is not cooked thoroughly.
Transmission
Mainly through food transmission.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Typical symptoms
High incidence in summer and fall, incubation period of 2 to 48 hours, an average of 15 hours. Acute onset, often with abdominal pain, diarrhea as the first symptom, accompanied by nausea, vomiting and so on. Diarrhea ranges from 20 to 30 times a day, with various stool characteristics, mostly yellow watery or yellow paste-like stools, and rarely with acute and severe pain. Abdominal pain is mostly paroxysmal colic, often located in the upper abdomen, umbilicus or right lower abdomen, which may be accompanied by abdominal pressure.
Other symptoms
Some patients have chills and fever, and the body temperature is usually below 39℃, and up to 40℃ in severe cases. Half of the patients may have headache. Severe water loss may be accompanied by hoarseness and muscle cramps. Individuals with decreased blood pressure, pallor or cyanosis or even unconsciousness. Occasionally, sepsis is caused by skin infection.
Diagnostic basis
There is often a history of eating seafood, pickled products or contaminated food. Acute onset, often with abdominal pain, diarrhea as the first symptom, accompanied by nausea, vomiting and so on. Stool culture can detect Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and the positive rate of stool culture is high in 1~2 days after the onset of the disease, and the positive rate decreases after 2 days. Positive DNA of Vibrio parahaemolyticus by polymerase chain reaction can confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Treatment guidelines
Symptomatic supportive treatment, anti-infection treatment.
Medication
Anti-infection treatment: antibiotics are not necessary for mild cases, but the application of antibiotics can significantly shorten the course of the disease. Children should choose montelukast and gentamicin, adults should choose berberine and norfloxacin. Symptomatic treatment: Diazepam can be used for intravenous injection in cases of febrile convulsions; atropine or scopolamine can be used for intramuscular injection in cases of severe abdominal pain; sodium bicarbonate or sodium lactate can be used for intravenous injection in cases of severe diarrhea with acidosis; potassium chloride, potassium citrate or intravenous potassium supplementation can be used in cases of hypokalemia; and calcium gluconate can be used for intravenous injection in cases of hypocalcemia in a timely manner.
Prognosis
The disease is self-limiting, and recovery is generally faster with a good prognosis.
Nursing care
Daily care
Serious patients should rest in bed, and those with severe dehydration and decreased blood pressure should be monitored for blood pressure, pulse rate, body temperature and urine output. When fever develops, active measures should be taken to lower the temperature.
Dietary management
1. Terminate the consumption of suspicious food, give fluid or semi-fluid diet, avoid cold, greasy, high-fiber food, gradually resume normal diet after the condition improves, pay attention to hydration. 2. Pay attention to dietary hygiene, prevent cross-contamination of raw and cooked food.