With the full liberalization of the “two-child” policy, the number of post-70s women who wish to have a second child has increased significantly. Most of them are women who were not allowed to have a second child before. Some of them have terminated their pregnancy through abortion after an unplanned pregnancy, or even have a history of multiple abortions, while others are suffering from uterine fibroids and hypertension, etc. Their main purpose of coming to the clinic is to understand their fertility and fertility risk, hoping to have a second child. The fertility of women decreases gradually with age. Among women with normal fertility, the monthly pregnancy rate is 10% at the age of 35 and drops to 1% at the age of 40; the incidence of spontaneous abortion is 25% at the age of 35 and rises to 35% at the age of 40; the probability of a pregnant woman having a child with Down syndrome is 1/338 at the age of 35, while it is 1/84 at the age of 40 and as high as 1/32 at the age of 45. 32, and as age increases, the incidence of pregnancy complications such as hyperemesis and diabetes increases significantly, and the rate of cesarean delivery also increases significantly. So, what do you need to do before having a second child? 1, a comprehensive assessment of their own chronic diseases: patients with hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, liver disease, thyroid disease should carefully assess whether the chronic disease is stable and can withstand the test of pregnancy, only good health, to ensure the safety of mother and child. 2, to understand the health of reproductive organs: the presence of gynecological infections, especially reproductive tract infections (including routine white belt, mycoplasma, chlamydia, herpes simplex virus examination), whether there are cervical lesions (cervical TCT, HPV examination), whether there are uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts (uterine adnexal ultrasound examination), TORCH complete set, etc. For women over 35 weeks of age, it is recommended to check the 2nd-4th day of menstruation Sex hormone six to understand the function of the ovaries, only the health of reproductive organs, so that the baby has a safe growth environment. 3.Fertility history: If the previous delivery was by cesarean section, you should know the indication of surgery, the surgery and post-operative recovery, ultrasound to understand the healing of the uterine incision and the presence of uterine incision diverticulum. Women with a history of uterine fibroid debridement should be informed about the size and location of the fibroid and the surgical procedure. Women with a history of miscarriage should know whether the miscarriage was induced or medicated, and the menstrual condition after the miscarriage. 4, scientific preparation for pregnancy 3 months: stop using contraceptives, if it is long-acting contraceptives to stop at least 3 months before pregnancy, short-acting contraceptives can be pregnant in the next month, intrauterine device should be in the clean menstrual period 3-7 days different room to take the ring, at least turn menstruation once before pregnancy, at the same time need reasonable nutrition, appropriate exercise, increase physical fitness, work and rest, supplement folic acid (0, 4mg once daily oral). 5. Avoid harmful toxic substances and environment: such as lead, sclerosene, pesticides, chemicals, radiation, etc., quit smoking and drinking, be careful with medication during pregnancy preparation (try to choose medication that pregnant women can use), and stay away from pets. Of course, pregnancy is a joint task of both spouses, so the male partner should also pay attention to the combination of work and rest, balanced nutrition, avoid wearing tight pants, avoiding hot environments (sauna, hot springs), quitting smoking, drinking and drugs, and also developing good sexual hygiene habits. For the health of mother and child, senior women should maintain a good state of mind, healthy habits and scientific preparation for the second child.