In the early stage, scattered microangiomas and small punctate or flaky hemorrhages in the posterior pole of the retina appear, and the retinal veins are filled and dilated and mildly tortuous. As the disease progresses, in addition to microangiomas and punctate or flaky hemorrhages, white or yellow-white exudates appear at the same time, and the lesions often spread to the macula and affect vision. With further progression, extensive neovascularization appears on the retina and optic papilla with proliferation of connective tissue, recurrent retinal hemorrhages, and increased cotton wool exudates, severely impairing vision. In advanced or severe cases, massive vitreous hemorrhage can occur repeatedly. If the hemorrhage cannot be completely absorbed, it can produce mechanized cords that adhere to the retina, causing proliferative vitreoretinopathy, and the proliferative cords pull the retina and cause retinal detachment, eventually leading to blindness. Treatment of diabetic retinopathy 1. Drug treatment (1) Systemic: control hyperglycemia. Also treat the combined hypertension, hyperlipidemia and nephropathy and other systemic diseases. (2) Eye: commonly used drugs include rutin, aspirin, compound salvia tablets, etc. 2.Laser treatment (1)Non-proliferative local laser photocoagulation, mainly to close microvascular tumors with leakage, intraretinal microvascular abnormalities and macular lesions. (2) Whole retinal laser photocoagulation in pre-proliferative and proliferative phases. (3) Condensation treatment When the proliferative phase lesion is severe and there is neovascularization in the iris, condensation of the peripheral part of the retina on the outer surface of the sclera can be considered. 4.Surgical treatment When severe vitreous hemorrhage, proliferative vitreoretinopathy causing retinal detachment by traction, complications such as fibrous proliferative membrane has invaded the macula or retinal fissure has occurred, surgical disposal is required.