Whether gynecomastia requires treatment depends largely on its etiology. Clinical causes of gynecomastia are classified as physiological and pathological. There are three common periods of physiological development, namely neonatal period, puberty, and old age. Generally, physiological gynecomastia can be treated without special treatment and will slowly heal itself after a period of time; if it is pathological gynecomastia, it needs to be treated for the specific cause, and the treatment is mainly medication or surgery. For patients who have been found to have a clear cause, treatment should focus on the primary cause. Medication is more effective for new onset proliferative active gynecomastia, but if the disease lasts more than a year and medication is less effective, surgical removal of the breast tissue may be an option.