1.Evaluation of diagnostic methods of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Early diagnosis directly affects whether patients can undergo radical tumor surgery. In our group, all 70 patients had routine ultrasound examination before surgery, and the initial diagnosis rate reached 75%, while CT can show the pattern of bile duct dilatation inside and outside the liver through a series of body layer scans of the hilar region, and MRCP can clearly and accurately display the location and extent of the hilar mass, especially the bile ducts above and below the obstruction can be shown simultaneously after 3D reconstruction. The rate of MRCP in this group was 93.7% (37/41). 2. Surgical choice of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Surgical resection is the main and most effective method to treat hilar cholangiocarcinoma. The treatment principle of hilar cholangiocarcinoma is that radical resection is preferred, followed by palliative resection and non-surgical yellowing reduction, and internal bile drainage is better than external drainage. According to the presence or absence of cancer cells remaining in the surgical margin, surgical resection can be divided into: R0 resection, i.e. no cancer cells in the microscopic examination of the cutting edge R1 resection, cancer cells visible in the microscopic examination of the cutting edge: R2 resection, cancer cells visible in the naked eye of the cutting edge. In recent years, methods such as lobectomy and enlarged lobectomy have been used to significantly increase the resection rate of cholangiocarcinoma of the hilar region. Early diagnosis and aggressive extended radical resection have been reported to have a positive effect on prolonging the survival rate, with the survival rates of 100%, 65% and 40% at 3, 5 and 8 years, respectively. We believe that radical surgery should be pursued for the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma if the patient’s condition allows. The average survival rate of cases with surgical resection plus anastomosis in our group is 23.8 months, which is much higher than that of 6.3 months in the group with simple drainage. 3. The choice of drainage method and timing of PTCD. The purpose of drainage is to relieve liver injury caused by obstructive jaundice and the effect of jaundice on the whole body, and to improve the survival quality of patients. External or internal drainage of the biliary tract with bile duct placement is an effective treatment measure to reduce obstructive jaundice. In China, there are reports of patients surviving for 5 years after U-tube drainage, indicating that simple drainage can also achieve good results. The survival rate of internal drainage with bile-intestinal anastomosis is significantly lower than that of the surgical resection group. For patients who cannot tolerate internal drainage, external biliary drainage is chosen. The drainage is usually done through a common bile duct incision to dilate the side of the tumor stenosis or bilateral hepatic duct placement, which is a simple and practical method. Unilateral biliary drainage of the liver with bilateral bile duct obstruction only can also relieve jaundice and pruritus. PTCD or ERBD is chosen to reduce jaundice in a few patients with poor systemic condition that cannot tolerate the procedure. In recent years, we have been implementing the principle of comprehensive treatment for hilar cholangiocarcinoma, and under the circumstance of mainly surgical treatment, we actively carry out perioperative radiotherapy for patients with the condition, and two courses of Kinselective chemotherapy for post-surgical patients after the recovery period. It is expected to prolong the survival period of patients.