The “fan-shaped” bone destruction of the jawbone, i.e., the fan-shaped bone destruction of the jawbone with worm-like edges on X-ray, is one of the main symptoms of gum cancer. If the upper gum and lower gum are counted separately, the lower gum cancer ranks the third and the upper gum ranks the fifth, and the lower gum cancer is more common than the upper gum cancer. It is more common in males than females. Some external factors such as heat, chronic injury, ultraviolet light, x-ray and other radioactive substances can be carcinogenic factors, for example, cancer of tongue and buccal mucosa can occur in the areas of long-term and frequent stimulation by stumpy roots, sharp tooth tips, bad restorations, etc. Whole body examination】Check and record the patient’s body position, mental condition, nutrition level, as well as body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, etc. Advanced patients may show symptoms such as anemia and emaciation. What tests should be done for gum cancer? Auxiliary examination】 1. Laboratory examination Blood routine is generally abnormal, but advanced patients often have changes such as red blood cell reduction and accelerated blood sedimentation. Imaging examination (1) Routine X-ray examination The invaded jaw bone shows characteristic “fan-shaped” bone destruction with worm-like edges; chest X-ray examination to understand whether there are metastases in the lung. (2) CT shows the extent of infiltration of the mass and determines the invasion of bone. Enhancement scan helps to determine the internal structure and number of metastatic lymph nodes in the neck and whether they invade the jugular artery and vein. (3) MRI shows the basal appearance of soft tissue lesions and can be localized in three dimensions. It is superior to CT in terms of invasion of blood vessels and staging of tumor. 3. Special examination Pathological biopsy: Diagnostic standard for tumor characterization. Under blocking anesthesia, 0.5~1 cm of tissue is cut at the junction of normal tissue and tumor and sent for examination. Surgery should be performed as soon as possible after pathological diagnosis.