Definition of lumbar disc herniation: lumbar disc herniation: it is mainly due to the fact that the various components of the intervertebral disc (nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, cartilage plate), especially the nucleus pulposus, under the action of external factors, the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc ruptures, and the nucleus pulposus tissue protrudes from the rupture place to the posterior (lateral) side or in the vertebral canal, which leads to irritation or compression of the neighboring tissues such as spinal nerve roots and spinal cord and so on. As a result, the adjacent tissues, such as spinal nerve roots and spinal cord, are irritated or compressed, resulting in a series of clinical symptoms such as lumbar and leg pain and numbness. Domestically, lumbar disc herniation is also referred to as lumbar disc fibrous ring rupture, lumbar disc prolapse, lumbar intervertebral cartilage disc protrusion, lumbar cartilage plate rupture, and so on. Although the name and meaning of the above diseases are different, the current more unified title: lumbar disc herniation. Second, the mechanism is mainly divided into four kinds: mechanical compression of the nerve, neurohumoral compression, inflammatory reaction, nerve root adhesion. Third, the etiology: 1, increased abdominal pressure, such as violent cough, constipation when defecation. Improper lumbar posture, when the lumbar region is in a flexed position, if it is suddenly rotated, it is easy to induce nucleus pulposus protrusion. 3, sudden weight bearing, in the absence of adequate preparation, sudden increase in the lumbar load, easy to cause herniation of the nucleus pulposus. 4, lumbar trauma, acute trauma can affect the fibrous ring, cartilage plate and other structures, and promote the degeneration of the herniated nucleus pulposus. Occupational factors, such as automobile drivers in a long-term sitting position and bumpy conditions, easily induced disc herniation. Clinical manifestations: 1, precursor symptoms 1, lumbar back pain, pain mainly in the lower lumbar or lumbosacral area, because the disc herniation, stimulate the outer fibrous ring and the posterior longitudinal ligament in the sinus nerve fibers. 2, radiating pain in the lower limbs, due to the degeneration of the nucleus pulposus, the disc herniation. 2, radiating pain in the lower limbs, because lumbar disc herniation mostly occurs in the lumbar 4, 5 and lumbar 5 sacral 1 intervertebral space, so the patients mostly have sciatica. The central type of herniation often causes bilateral sciatica. The radiating pain in the lower limbs is aggravated when coughing, sneezing and urinating and defecating. 3. Numbness and abnormal sensation. 4, muscle paralysis nerve root ischemia and hypoxia degeneration and nerve paralysis, muscle paralysis. 2, neurological manifestations: V. Treatment: the basic methods of domestic treatment of disc herniation are conservative treatment, interventional therapy, minimally invasive treatment, 1, traditional (open) surgical treatment of conventional open surgery, including: total laminectomy, hemilaminectomy, transabdominal intervertebral disc surgery, vertebral fusion and so on. The purpose of surgery is to directly remove the nucleus pulposus of the diseased intervertebral disc and relieve nerve root compression to achieve the therapeutic purpose. Due to the special physiological position of the intervertebral disc, the surgery destroys the normal physiological structure of the lumbar vertebrae, resulting in large surgical injuries, easy to cause postoperative instability of the vertebral body, postoperative scar tissue adhesion, and a series of adverse reactions such as intraoperative injuries to the nerve root by mistake, so most of the patients are afraid of the surgery, and how to avoid the above adverse reactions caused by the surgery? How to avoid the above adverse reactions caused by surgery? This has been a major problem in the medical field. We all think back to the last decade, such as dissolution, destruction, ozone, thermal coagulation and other means of intervention, the commonality is that the target is blind, the built-in situation can not be visualized, belongs to the indirect decompression of the disk, the scope is not controllable, the degree of treatment is not an objective evaluation standard. The residual tissue has not been removed from the body and needs to be absorbed by the body naturally. The most important thing is that all of these interventional therapies are intra-disc decompression, which means that the protruding part still exists. This means that the herniated part still exists, and the root cause of circulatory obstruction caused by the herniated compression cannot be relieved, so the recurrence rate is high, and the long-term efficacy of the treatment is poor. In fact, most of the patients only consult the doctor when they have bulging, protrusion, prolapse, and delayed to the point of intolerable, usually with fibrous ring tear, prolapse of nucleus pulposus or even free, and already have nerve adhesion, so that ablation and other intradiscal decompression methods can not relieve the compression of the nerves at all, not to mention the fact that many patients have a combination of bony hyperplasia and stenosis. I. Overview of MED posterior discoscopy Posterior discoscopy (Micro Endo Disc System) is the safest and most effective minimally invasive spinal surgery that is currently advanced internationally. The system perfectly combines advanced technology and clinical practice, maintains spinal stability as much as possible, and utilizes minimally invasive techniques to provide patients with a minimally invasive, short, safe and reliable treatment method. It can remove the protruding nucleus pulposus tissue, hypertrophied ligamentum flavum and hyperplastic cohesion of the articular process, bone spurs and other neurogenic compression factors, so as to obtain the curative effect of radical treatment. Posterior discoscopy can treat lumbar disc herniation, lateral saphenous fossa stenosis, central canal stenosis and other lumbar spinal stenosis. Second, the indications 1, percutaneous puncture discoscopy surgical system in the clinical applicable to the treatment of intervertebral disc disease. The system provides patients with a treatment method that is less damaging, shorter in duration, safe and reliable. 2, the system can remove the protruding nucleus pulposus tissue, hypertrophied ligamentum flavum and hyperplasia and cohesion of the synovial process and other neurological pressure factors, so as to obtain the curative effect of radical treatment. It can not only treat lumbar disc herniation, but also lumbar spinal stenosis such as lateral saphenous fossa stenosis, central canal stenosis, etc. Advantages: small incision, less trauma, less bleeding, complete decompression of nerve roots without disturbing the stability of the spinal column, less sequelae, fast postoperative recovery, short hospitalization time, video under the direct vision of the exact removal of protruding disc tissue. Functional exercise 1, limb joint exercise the day after the operation, that is, guide the patient in bed for limb extension and flexion exercises, as well as quadriceps contraction exercise, foot dorsal extension and plantar flexion exercise. Functional exercise of the joints of both lower limbs can prevent joint contracture and muscle atrophy, such as knee flexion and hip flexion exercises, limb elevation training, which can maximize the recovery of muscle strength, limb elevation to the extent that the patient can tolerate the pain as a limit. At the same time, respiratory training, deep breathing, chest expansion exercise, can increase lung capacity, promote ventilation, prevent bed-ridden caused by pulmonary complications, abdominal massage can enhance abdominal muscle strength, reduce abdominal distension, constipation and urinary retention occurs. 2, straight leg raising exercise early straight leg raising exercise is an effective measure to prevent postoperative nerve root adhesion, the second day after the operation can assist the patient to do straight leg raising, raising from 30 degrees to start, maintain about 5s, each group of leg raising 10-15 times, every day can be more than one group of exercises, in order to avoid excessive lower limb activity to pull the nerve root, should be limited to within 1m of the range of activity. In the future, patients should be encouraged to take the initiative to lift the leg straightly and gradually increase the amplitude and time of leg lifting to prevent the adhesion of the nerve root. Straight leg raising exercise not only prevents the adhesion of the nerve root but also exercises the quadriceps muscle and increases the stability of the knee joint. 3, lumbar back muscle function exercise lumbar back muscle strength to a certain extent can maintain the stability of the spine. 5-7 days after the operation, the patient should be instructed to exercise the lumbar and dorsal muscles by five-point support method, three-point support method and Flying Swallow water point method, 3-4 times a day, 20-40 sections each time, according to the patient’s age and physical condition to choose the appropriate action and exercise volume, the exercise volume should be in order to have no discomfort in the waist and legs, and the amount of exercise should be increased gradually from slow to fast, from simple to complex, and the exercise volume should be increased step by step and perseverance. 4.Health education (1) Absolute bed rest for 5-7 days after surgery, and remove the stitches for 12 days. Pay attention to rest, avoid cold and wind, ensure enough sleep; eat food rich in protein and vitamins, increase the intake of calcium, calcium supplementation according to the doctor’s orders if necessary; maintain a good mood and correct posture of standing, sitting, lying, labor posture. (2) should lie on a hard board bed, avoid prolonged sitting, head down, bending, rotating and twisting, overwork and heavy labor, usually can stand on not sitting, can lie on not standing, not changing posture, fixed posture not more than 30min, to prevent lumbar sprain; correct use of lumbar circumference, lumbar circumference can not be too tight, can not be directly in contact with the skin, wear time not more than 1 month, so as to avoid the lumbar muscle atrophy and weakness; adhere to the lumbar back muscle function exercise, improve lumbar back muscle function, to improve lumbar back muscle function, to improve lumbar back muscle function. The lumbar back muscle function exercise, improve the lumbar spine’s intrinsic stability. (3) Postoperative follow-up should be done once a month.