As assisted reproductive technologies continue to evolve, they have brought blessings to thousands of infertility families worldwide. To date, assisted reproductive technologies include: artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (commonly known as IVF), intracytoplasmic single sperm injection, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, semen freezing, embryo freezing, and more. What exactly are these techniques? Artificial insemination (AI) is an assisted reproductive technology that involves artificially injecting treated semen into the woman’s reproductive tract to impregnate her with a pregnancy, and includes both husband insemination (husband’s sperm) and donor insemination (donor sperm from another person). Indications for artificial insemination with husband sperm (AIH): 1) male partner with few, weak or deformed sperm and sexual dysfunction; 2) female partner with cervical factors; 3) immune infertility; 4) unexplained infertility. (Prerequisite: the female partner’s fallopian tubes are bilaterally or unilaterally patent). If the indications for AIH are met, the conventional treatment time from the beginning of preparation to the end is about 2-3 months; the treatment cost is routinely about$6-8,000. In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET), commonly known as the first generation of IVF, refers to the process of using ovarian stimulating drugs to make multiple follicles mature at the same time in an infertile woman’s ovaries, obtaining mature eggs through vaginal puncture at the right time, fertilizing the eggs with her husband’s sperm in the laboratory, and culturing them into embryos for implantation into the woman’s uterus. The embryo is then implanted into the woman’s uterus for further gestation. Indications for IVF-ET: 1) tubal factors (blockage, hydrocele, absence or adhesion of fallopian tubes); 2) ovulation disorders; 3) endometriosis; 4) low or weak spermatozoa in the male partner; 5) unexplained infertility. If the indication for IVF-ET is met, the routine treatment time is about 3 months from the beginning of preparation to the end; the treatment cost is about 30,000 RMB. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), commonly known as the second generation of IVF, refers to a technique in which a single sperm is injected directly into the plasma of an egg under a microscope to fertilize the egg, which is then cultured into an embryo and transferred into the uterine cavity of the woman to achieve pregnancy. ICSI indications: 1. Severe oligospermia, weakness, malformation, abnormal sperm acrosome function, irreversible obstructive azoospermia (diagnostic testicular aspiration can find active sperm), spermatogenic dysfunction (excluding genetic defects); 2. Immunological infertility; 3. In vitro fertilization rate <30%; 4. Pre-implantation embryo genetic examination is required. If the indications for ICSI are met, the conventional treatment time from the beginning to the end of the preparation takes about 3 months; the treatment cost is about 40,000 RMB.