The use of common hypertension antihypertensive drugs

  Commonly used antihypertensive drugs for hypertension in daily life are: diuretics, calcium antagonists (CCB), ACEI/ARB, beta-blockers, alpha-blockers, etc.  According to the specific condition of each hypertensive patient, there are some rules of use, the following are the principles of use recommended according to the guidelines or studies: 1, heart failure patients who use calcium antagonists, it is recommended to choose amlodipine or felodipine in the dihydropyridine class CCB.  2, hypertensive patients with combined diabetes preferred ACEI, ARB and CCB class of antihypertensive drugs. The reason is that ACEI drugs can increase tissue sensitivity to endogenous and exogenous insulin, delay diabetic nephropathy and reduce the occurrence of complications such as diabetic cardiovascular disease. ARB drugs can improve the body’s sensitivity to insulin and improve glucose metabolism disorders. Beta-blockers are contraindicated in such patients because they can reduce insulin sensitivity and mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia. The diuretic hydrochlorothiazide in large amounts can interfere with glucose metabolism, fat metabolism, and uric acid levels. Therefore, such patients should not use high doses of hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide and other classes of diuretics and their compound preparations.  3, hypertension combined with renal damage: ACEI, ARB and CCB drugs are preferred. cCB can expand the small inlet arteries, ACEI can expand the small outlet arteries.  4, hypertension combined with renal damage patients should not apply beta-blockers, because they are mainly excreted by the kidneys.  5, hypertension with hyperuricemia or gout: ARB antihypertensive drugs should be used. Because research shows that ARB antihypertensive drugs have the effect of protecting the kidney and reducing blood uric acid.  6, hypertension combined with liver failure: it is appropriate to use ACEI class antihypertensive drugs that are not metabolized by the liver lenopril.  7, hypertension combined with dyslipidemia: CCB and (or) alpha 1 receptor blockers can be used 8, hypertension with bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: CCB and ACEI class agents are preferred 9, hypertension combined with glaucoma: diuretics are preferred. In addition to lowering blood pressure, diuretics can also prevent elevated intraocular pressure, so diuretics are preferred for patients with hypertension combined with glaucoma.  10, gestational hypertension and gestational hypertension syndrome: vasodilators can be used. It is generally believed that mild hypertension in pregnancy does not require the routine application of antihypertensive drugs, but when the diastolic blood pressure continues to > 110 mmHg, appropriate antihypertensive therapy should be used. If combined with proteinuria, edema and other hypertensive syndromes of pregnancy, should be actively treated.  11, hypertension combined with gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer: caution or prohibit the use of reserpine, guanethidine. The blood, guanethidine sulfate drugs can enhance gastrointestinal dynamics, leading to increased secretion of gastric acid and aggravate the ulcer, easily cause gastrointestinal bleeding.  12, hypertension with migraine: preferred beta-blockers, followed by optional CCB drugs.  13, hypertension with depression: β-blockers and reserpine are contraindicated 14, hypertension with sexual dysfunction: reserpine, colistin hydrochloride, guanethidine sulfate, hydrochlorothiazide drugs should not be used, which can cause impotence and loss of libido, and should be stopped immediately when sexual dysfunction is found in the treatment.  In the process of lowering blood pressure, doctors will refer to guidelines and evidence-based medical evidence, comprehensive evaluation of the patient’s condition, compliance, drug benefit ratio, etc., to make a suitable “individualized” drug regimen.