Procedure of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy

The steps of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy include: 1, anesthesia and position issues, anesthesia is generally most are taken pneumoperitoneal general anesthesia, general intravenous complex anesthesia, after successful anesthesia will be left catheter, in addition, the patient should take a completely healthy side lying position, and shake the high waist bridge to make the kidney upward; 2, the surgical process is divided into several steps, the first step to make pneumoperitoneum, the production of pneumoperitoneum will be placed cannula, the conventional use of three channels. The retroperitoneal fat is routinely cleared, and anatomical landmarks such as psoas muscle, peritoneal reflex and perirenal fascia are identified; 3. The peritoneal reflex is identified, and the perirenal fascia and perirenal fat capsule are incised longitudinally medially, bluntly and sharply separated along the surface of the renal parenchyma to free the kidney and expand the gap between the renal parenchyma and perirenal fat. In case of adhesions, apply ultrasonic knife to sharply separate and fully expose the tumor and perirenal parenchyma; 4. Between the lumbaris major muscle and the fat capsule on the dorsal side of the kidney, sharply separate the adipose tissue at the renal hilum with ultrasonic knife, open the renal artery vascular sheath along the pulsating part of the renal artery, fully free and expose the renal artery with right-angle forceps, and temporarily block the renal artery with vascular clips to block the renal blood flow; 5. Use scissors to cut from the periphery of the renal tumor The tumor was excised completely from the normal renal tissues starting from superficial to deep with scissors; 6. After the tumor was excised, the tumor wound was closed continuously with absorbable sutures. The Hem-o-LoK clip is fixed in advance at the end of the line, and this clip plays the role of fixation. First suture the deep layer of the trauma, the first stitch starts from the top of the trauma base and enters from the perirenal area, passing through the perirenal and renal parenchyma. The trabecular base and renal medulla are sutured in succession, without tightening the sutures for the time being. The last stitch is placed at the other end of the trabecular surface through the renal parenchyma and peritoneum to the opposite side before tightening the suture, which can be left uncut if it is long enough, followed by suturing the outer layer, continuously through the peritoneum on both sides with the full renal cortex. The sutures should be tightened with each stitch, and after the last stitch penetrates the perirenal membrane, the last stitch is fixed with a Hem-o-LoK clip; 7. After the sutures are satisfied, the vascular clip is removed to restore the renal artery blood supply. At the same time, the pneumoperitoneum pressure should be lowered to 3-5 mmHg to identify whether the renal trauma suture is satisfactory or not and whether there is active bleeding; 8. If there is no bleeding on the trauma, the renal tumor is removed in a specimen bag, and then a tube is left behind the peritoneum to close the incision.