In femoral stem fracture, the local swelling and deformation of the thigh are serious, the lower limb is shortened, and there are obvious abnormal activities and bone rubbing sounds when moving. It is one of the most common clinical fractures, accounting for about 6% of the total body fractures. The femur is the longest and largest bone in the human body and one of the main weight-bearing bones of the lower limb, which will cause deformity and functional impairment of the lower limb if not treated properly. (A) Pathogenesis Mostly due to strong direct violence, but also due to indirect violence. (B) Pathogenesis The femoral stem is the thickest tubular bone in the body and has the highest strength. Most of the fractures are caused by high-energy direct violence, and comminuted and transverse fractures are common. Traffic accidents are the main cause of injury, followed by industrial and agricultural trauma, life trauma and sports trauma. Fractures from fall injuries are mostly caused by indirect violence, oblique fractures or spiral fractures are common, and insertional fractures or incomplete fractures can occur in children and adolescents. The soft tissue injury around the fracture caused by direct violent blow or firearm injury is heavy and bleeding, the internal bleeding of closed fracture can reach 500~1000ml, which can be complicated by shock. If there are compound injuries to the head, chest and abdomen and/or multiple fractures, shock is more likely to occur. 1. Fracture of the upper 1/3 of the femoral stem The proximal fracture fragment is flexed, abducted and externally rotated by the pull of the iliopsoas, gluteus medius and external rotator muscles. The distal fracture fragment is internally and posteriorly displaced due to the action of the adductor muscle group, quadriceps muscle group and posterior lateral muscle group. 2.Middle 1/3 femoral stem fracture The proximal fracture fragment is not displaced in any direction except forward flexion and external rotation due to the action of some of the adductor muscles at the same time, while the distal fracture fragment tends to have more obvious overlapping displacement due to the pulling of internal and external and posterior muscles, and tends to be angled outward. The distal fracture fragment is pulled by the gastrocnemius muscle and displaced posteriorly, which may damage the blood vessels and nerves in the nasal fossa. It is difficult to fix the fracture by non-surgical treatment. The fracture fragment may be displaced in different directions due to various external forces, muscle contraction and weight of the limb and handling. However, the inherent mechanism of dislocation can be useful for both manual repositioning and continuous traction treatment.