Common causes of non-traumatic foot pain include gout, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and common peroneal nerve injury. The so-called gout, also known as hyperuricemia, is caused by impaired purine base metabolism, deposition of uric acid in the form of sodium salts in the soft tissues of the foot surface, migration of white blood cells, erosion of the area of uric acid salt deposits causing a sterile inflammatory reaction of the tissue. The clinical features are sudden onset, mostly after alcohol consumption and high protein diet, local redness, swelling, pain, high soft tissue tension, fever, and severe pain, mostly in the lowest parts of the body, with pain in the foot being the most common. Long-term diabetes can lead to peripheral nerve metabolic disorders, vascular damage, and then peripheral neuropathy. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy mostly occurs at the end of the extremities and is more common in the foot, which is seen as numbness, pins and needles, and burning-like pain in the foot. The common peroneal nerve migrates distally out of the superficial peroneal and deep peroneal nerves, which innervate the skin sensation on the surface of the foot. When the common peroneal nerve is injured or the superficial and deep peroneal nerves are injured, it can lead to pain on the surface of the foot in the innervated area. There are various causes of foot pain, which need to be combined with the patient’s symptoms and underlying disease to determine the specific cause.