Emphysema is not a chronic lung disease. Emphysema is a pathological change in lung tissue, a condition in which the lungs are overinflated, the alveolar walls are thinned, the alveolar cavities are enlarged, and the blood supply is reduced, which is commonly seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis lung destruction, and partly compensatory emphysema. Emphysema can have no conscious symptoms in the early stage, with the progress of the disease, the alveoli and bronchial tubes further destruction of airflow limitation, chronic cough, cough sputum, shortness of breath, dyspnea, wheezing and other symptoms, acute exacerbation of the symptoms are more pronounced, can be accompanied by sputum increased significantly or purulent sputum. Daily attention should be paid to prevention, including quitting smoking, reducing the inhalation of harmful gases or particles, strengthening nutrition, appropriate amount of physical exercise, enhance physical fitness and improve immunity. After the diagnosis is confirmed, it is necessary to go to regular hospitals for follow-up and use medication under the guidance of the doctor.