There are actually many causes of neck enlargement, including goiter, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, and relatively uncommonly, enlargement in other areas. Goiter itself can be further subdivided into benign and malignant diseases. Benign diseases such as simple goiter, which is caused by iodine deficiency, used to be called macrosomia. Malignant diseases include malignant tumors of the thyroid gland. The causes of enlarged lymph nodes are also diverse, ranging from benign to malignant disease. Benign disease factors such as viral infections and bacterial infections can lead to enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, while malignant factors such as malignant tumors, lymphomas, and malignant tumors from other sites that have metastasized to the neck can cause enlarged lymph nodes.