Currently, more and more patients have heard of the term “laparoscopic surgery”, but most people do not fully understand it. Some doctors even deviate from the principle of “minimally invasive surgery” and insist on using laparoscopic surgery for cases that do not meet the indications for laparoscopic surgery, resulting in adverse outcomes such as excessive blood loss, long operation time, high costs, and poor postoperative recovery. A comprehensive and accurate understanding of laparoscopic surgical techniques requires first learning to identify the three types of indications associated with them. I. What is laparoscopic surgery? Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive medical surgical technique that uses a combination of optical, computer, ultrasound, mechanical and electrical instrumentation technologies. In layman’s terms, the process of laparoscopic surgery is that after the patient has been successfully anesthetized, the doctor punches 3-4 small holes in the patient’s abdominal wall with a diameter of 0.2-1 cm, puts a lens connected to a miniature camera in one of the small holes, and the contents observed by the lens are connected and displayed on a TV screen through a fiber optic cable. The surgeon can clearly observe the patient’s intra-abdominal cavity through the TV screen. Various surgical instruments are placed in several other small holes in the abdominal wall to perform the surgery. Second, what are the advantages of laparoscopic surgery? Because the laparoscopic lens has a magnifying effect of 8-10 times, the field of view that the surgeon can see during laparoscopic surgery is much clearer compared to open surgery. Because the surgical wound is relatively small, there is less pain, less bleeding, and fewer postoperative complications such as intestinal adhesions. It can be seen that selective laparoscopic surgical treatment is in line with the principle of minimally invasive surgery. Third, which gynecological diseases are suitable for laparoscopic surgery? Generally speaking, the main categories of laparoscopic surgery are: total hysterectomy, uterine fibroid excavation, ovarian cyst removal, adnexal resection, tubal resection, tubal incision and retrieval, adhesion decomposition, tubal effusion pelvic adhesion causing infertility and other surgeries. With the continuous development of surgical technology, almost all benign and malignant gynecological diseases have some cases suitable for laparoscopic surgery. How are the indications for laparoscopic surgery classified? Usually, the indications for laparoscopic surgery are basically divided into three categories, namely optimal indications, general indications and relative indications. 1. Optimal indications: including endometriosis, ectopic pregnancy and benign tumors of the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Endometriosis can be diagnosed more accurately by laparoscopy. In addition, laparoscopic surgery is also the procedure of choice for the treatment of endometriosis and benign tumors of the ovaries and fallopian tubes. 2.General indications: include infertility, acute and chronic pelvic pain, pelvic inflammatory disease, benign uterine diseases, genital tract abnormalities, pelvic injury diseases and monitoring of hysteroscopic uterine surgery. 3. Relative indications: These are the indications for laparoscopic surgery when good equipment and high technology are available. For example, uterine fibroids and adenomyosis lesions removal, pelvic and abdominal masses during pregnancy, giant mucinous cystadenoma of ovary and early malignant tumors of reproductive organs. V. What are the precautions before and after laparoscopic surgery? Before gynecological laparoscopy, the umbilicus should be washed with warm water, and it is better to remove the dirt from the umbilicus with a cotton swab dipped in soapy water or vegetable oil. In terms of diet, light, easily digestible food should be the mainstay the day before surgery to prevent causing postoperative intestinal flatulence. Also adjust the psychological state and ensure sufficient sleep. After laparoscopic surgery, it is necessary to: get out of bed as early as possible to promote blood circulation; eat a small amount of liquid diet within 6 hours; remove the abdominal dressing only after one week and allow showering, then you can gradually resume normal activities.