Central pontine myelinolysis, usually referred to as cerebral pontine central myelinolysis, is an acute central nervous system demyelinating disorder that is usually low in prevalence but high in lethality after its onset, and is a type of osmotic demyelination syndrome.
The disease develops its pathogenesis mainly due to rapid changes in plasma osmolality, and the exact etiology is unclear. However, the predisposing factor may be malignancy due to various causes such as hepatic failure, advanced cancer, chronic renal failure, and severe infections.
The disease mainly involves the base of the cerebral bridge, and after the onset of the disease, patients usually manifest spastic quadriplegia, difficulty in swallowing and different degrees of consciousness, etc. Some patients may also have ataxia, dysarthria, etc. The prognosis of most patients is poor. Most patients have a poor prognosis, usually within days or weeks after the onset of epilepsy, coma, shock and other serious complications, the fatality rate is relatively high.
At present, the main focus is on targeted treatment, such as intravenous furosemide injection or mannitol injection to prevent cerebral edema in the acute stage, and to strengthen the intake of nutrients to supplement the severe nutritional deficiencies, and so on.
To summarize, myelinolysis of the pontine central myelin sheath is a relatively serious brain lesion, if the onset of the disease should be immediately sought medical treatment, and comply with the doctor’s instructions to actively treat, as far as possible to improve the patient’s prognosis.