The diagnostic criteria for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are pulmonary function tests, and the diagnosis of irreversible persistent airflow limitation is confirmed by the patient’s one-second rate of FEV1/FVC (first-second expiratory volume with exertion/exertion lung capacity) <70% after bronchodilator use.
1. The disease usually develops from chronic lung diseases such as chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. Clinical manifestations are chronic cough, cough mucus or plasma foamy sputum, shortness of breath after activity, chest tightness, and dyspnea. Physical signs are barrel chest (increased anterior and posterior thoracic diameter, widening of the intercostal space) on visualization, weakened palpation of palpation, excessive clearing on percussion, and weakened respiratory sounds and prolonged expiratory phase on auscultation.
2. Chest X-ray showed sparse lung texture, enhanced translucency, and widening of the intercostal spaces. Pulmonary function tests showed FEV1/FVC<70% after bronchodilator use.
3. Stabilization phase treatment of the disease is generally based on smoking cessation, pulmonary rehabilitation training, long-term low-flow oxygen inhalation, and pharmacological treatment (e.g., inhalation of long-acting aminophylline). In the acute exacerbation phase, the most important treatment is medication against infection (e.g., ceftazidime), and the others are oxygen, inhaled short-acting bronchodilators (e.g., salbutamol), and systemic glucocorticoids (e.g., prednisone).
4. The prevention of the disease is based on smoking cessation, as well as reducing the inhalation of occupational dust and chemicals, and strengthening exercise to prevent colds.
If a patient develops symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, please go to a regular hospital to confirm the diagnosis and treatment, and do not make decisions on your own to avoid delaying your condition.