ESD surgery is endoscopic submucosal dissection, which is applicable to patients with early-stage cancer because it is a local mucosal resection. The biggest advantage is that the integrity of the system and anatomical tissues is guaranteed compared with surgery, for example, the integrity of the stomach is maintained, and there is no lesser part of the stomach or the esophagus, so that this part of the patients has a very good quality of survival after the surgery. It is well known that after doing esophageal cancer surgery and gastric surgery to injure the vitality, the subsequent survival quality of the whole person will be significantly affected. Therefore, the biggest advantage of ESD surgery is that it can guarantee the efficacy of treatment and at the same time ensure the quality of patient’s survival. The disadvantage is that the scope of application is affected, which is only suitable for some of the early stage lesions, but not for the middle and late stage lesions. Because the middle and advanced lesions already have distant metastases, local resection alone cannot solve the problem.