A. What is lumbar disc, lumbar disc protrusion, lumbar disc herniation? The lumbar intervertebral disc exists between the vertebrae of the lumbar spine and is a component of the lumbar spine joint, which plays a role in supporting, connecting and buffering the lumbar vertebrae, its shape is like a flattened “abacus bead”, some people say it is like a flattened “car tire”, consisting of the nucleus pulposus, the cartilage plate and the fibrous ring, The nucleus pulposus, cartilage plate, and fibrous ring are composed of three parts. When the fibrous ring is posteriorly convex or broken due to trauma or degeneration, and the nucleus pulposus is prolapsed, it is called a herniated intervertebral disc. Since the spinal cord passes behind the disc, when the protruding disc compresses the spinal nerve or cauda equina nerve causing back and leg pain or incontinence, or even paralysis, it is called lumbar disc herniation. How do I know that I have a herniated disc? When you bend over to get things or squatting toilet force caused by lumbar pain to pull the leg pain, lifting the leg has obvious pull-like radioactive pain, you may suffer from lumbar disc herniation, you should immediately go to a large hospital to find a spine specialist to consult or consultation. After the doctor understands the situation and considers the disease, he or she will usually recommend you to take an X-ray of the lumbar spine or to do a CT or MRI examination for early diagnosis and to prevent the condition from worsening. Third, what harm does lumbar disc herniation bring to the human body? Early lumbar disc herniation can cause lumbar pain, deformity, inability to bend, accompanied by sciatica, and the pain can be aggravated when bending, walking long distances, sitting in a chair, coughing, sneezing or straining to defecate; numbness and pain in the thighs or calves; muscle paralysis can occur in severe cases, such as foot prolapse, weakness of dorsal extension of the thumbs; paralysis around the anus, incontinence or constipation, and erectile dysfunction in men. Fourth, how to treat a lumbar disc herniation? Now there are usually three kinds of treatment methods: 1, conservative treatment: including drugs, massage, traction, abdominal acupuncture, balancing acupuncture and other methods, suitable for the first occurrence and mild cases. It has the effect of eliminating local inflammation, increasing local blood supply and relieving muscle spasm. 2.Interventional treatment: Compared with traditional surgical methods, minimally invasive interventional techniques have the advantages of less trauma, faster recovery, no damage to the normal structure of the spinal canal and no impact on the biomechanical stability of the spine. For example, ozone ablation, collagenase chemolysis, percutaneous laser disc decompression, plasma nucleus pulposus cryoablation, etc. 3.Surgical treatment: 8%-10% of patients with disc herniation need surgery after non-surgical treatment is ineffective. If there is damage to the cauda equina or nerve root paralysis, emergency surgery should be performed to release the nerve compression as soon as possible. However, surgery is often more dangerous, more traumatic, affects spinal stability, and has a slow recovery. At present, there are two types of surgical treatment in our hospital: one is posterior open laminectomy: this operation exposes the field of view sufficiently, and the nucleus pulposus can be removed directly, and the nerve root decompression is sufficient. Secondly, minimally invasive surgery is performed under discoscopy to remove the nucleus pulposus; the wound of this surgery is about 2 cm, which does not require extensive stripping of the paravertebral muscles and can preserve the joint protrusion to the maximum extent, with little damage to the stability of the spine, less bleeding and fast recovery, and you can wear a lumbar brace and move around on the second day after surgery. Five, how to prevent lumbar disc herniation? 1, correct posture: the upper body should be straight, abdomen, jaw slightly closed, two lower limbs together. If possible, it is best to put a foot or footstool under the feet, so that the knee joint is slightly higher than the hip. If sitting on a chair with a backrest, it should be in the above posture on the basis of the back of the waist as closely as possible and lean on the back of the chair, so that the lumbosacral muscles are not too fatigued. After sitting for a long time should also be active to loosen the muscles of the lower limbs. 2, adjust the body position. For this reason, healthy people sitting for a long time to change when you stand up, the need to do 1 to 2 stretching lumbar activities, patients with a history of low back pain should change position in about half an hour to an hour, stretching lumbar activities, if necessary, should also be targeted exercise under the guidance of a doctor, in order to achieve the effect of preventing and delaying intervertebral disc degeneration. 3, strengthen the functional exercise of the lumbar back muscle. Six, lumbar disc herniation how to carry out rehabilitation exercises? 1.Flying swallow: patients lying on their stomachs and waists, head up, arms forceful back extension, legs back up as swallow flying style, for a few seconds or longer, 8-12 times per group, according to the strength. 2, arch bridge: supine position, bilateral elbow flexion, hip and knee flexion, with the head, elbows, feet five points of support, for the movement of the abdomen and waist into the “arch bridge”, for a few seconds or longer, 10-20 times per group, according to the strength. 3, space car: that is, pedal air force, supine position, hands pad in the waist to protect the waist, double lower limbs pedal air to do pedal bike shape. Time gradually increase. Seven, food therapy formula 1, cold and damp paralysis type: the patient’s diet is appropriate to dispel wind and dampness, paralysis and pain: such as whole scorpion, wuzhishan snake, cow knee, angelica, Astragalus, water snake, hoof tendons, etc., avoid eating fatty and sweet and cold products, such as Tongcai, mustard, etc. 2, damp-heat paralysis type: the patient’s diet should be based on clearing heat and dampness and relieving pain: such as coic rice, winter melon, papaya, mung beans, tzusi, loofah soup, plantain soup with pork tripe, white fruit soup with chicken, etc. Avoid frying hot and dry products, such as doughnuts, roast goose, roast chicken, wine, etc. 3.Qi stagnation and blood stasis type: the patient’s diet should be based on moving qi, blood circulation and relieving pain, such as wood fungus, watercress, pig’s foot tendon soup with Tian Qi, steamed chicken with golden needle and cloud fungus, etc. Encourage the patient to drink more water and avoid spicy, fatty, sweet and greasy products. 4, cold and damp paralysis type: patients should be warming the meridians to disperse cold, dispel dampness, mainly: such as angelica, ginger, mutton, pepper root, etc., avoid cold fruits, mustard, etc. 5, the kidney Yang deficiency type: patients should be warming the kidney Yang diet, warming Yang pass paralysis: such as dog meat, red dates Huai Shan Gui Yuan boiled chicken, angelica ginger boiled lamb soup, Chuan Guan Duzhong boiled pig tail soup, avoid cold fruits and cold food. 6, liver and kidney yin deficiency type: the patient’s diet should nourish the yin and kidney, strengthen the muscles and bones, such as eggs, white pigeon, turtle, beehive, lotus seeds, lily of the valley boiled lean meat soup, ice sugar stewed snow fungus or sea cucumber, avoid spicy and dry products, such as tobacco, wine, roast goose, etc.