Sudden chest and back pain, depending on the patient’s age, the pain when the specific analysis, etc., is probably the cause of the following aspects. First, if it is an elderly patient with sudden anterior chest and back pain, you can consider whether it is the cause of coronary heart disease. If the sudden anterior chest and back pain can be relieved after rest or nitroglycerin, and the electrocardiogram has ischemic-like changes, you should consider whether coronary heart disease is present. If the patient has high blood pressure, smoking, highly suspected of coronary heart disease, should promptly go to the cardiovascular medicine department for consultation. Second, if the patient has long-term hypertension, poorly controlled, and suddenly has pain in the front and back of the chest, sweating profusely when in pain, and a feeling of tearing in the chest, you should consider whether aortic coarctation has occurred, and you need to visit the cardiovascular surgery department and perform aortic CT and other examinations to clarify the diagnosis. After the diagnosis is made, the patient should be treated promptly. Third, if the patient’s sudden pain in the chest and back is related to respiratory movement, if the patient has a history of pleural effusion, the possibility of pleurisy should be considered, and the patient should be promptly seen by the Department of Respiratory Medicine and Thoracic Surgery. Fourth, if the patient has anterior and posterior back pain, accompanied by fever and cough, you can consider whether it is complicated by chest infection, etc. In conclusion, sudden anterior and posterior back pain is a symptom that may be caused by the cardiovascular system or the respiratory system. According to the patient’s age and the situation at the onset of the disease, the patient can visit the relevant department and perform ECG, chest X-ray, CT, ultrasound and other examinations, which can mostly clarify the diagnosis, and the next step of treatment can be carried out after the diagnosis is clear.