What is septic shock?

Septic shock is a vasodilatory/distributive shock that refers to circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities of sepsis and carries a greater risk of death than sepsis alone. Septic shock is diagnosed in patients with sepsis who require vasopressor medication to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥65 mmHg despite adequate fluid resuscitation and have lactate >2 mmol/L (>18 mg/dL), which can be severe enough to lead to death. Septic shock fails to ensure effective circulating blood volume due to dysfunction of the cardiovascular system, resulting in insufficient blood perfusion to other vital organs such as the brain, lungs, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract, and consequent organ function damage. Patients diagnosed with septic shock need to be ready for resuscitation at all times.