How to determine whether there is a fracture 1. History of trauma Most of them have a history of slipping and falling and landing on the hip, hip or wrist, sometimes the trauma is very mild, but it cannot be ignored, sometimes the patient can cause a hip fracture by sitting on a stool with a little force; slipping from the stairs and landing on the hip may be complicated by a fracture of the lumbar spine, or even a violent cough causes a fracture of the ribs. 2.Local manifestations Local pain, swelling and restricted activity are the most common manifestations. The pain and swelling may be mild at the time of injury, and even daily activities can be carried out while tolerating pain, which is easily considered as tendon injury by family members and doctors, but the symptoms are usually obvious after 2-3 days, with local skin bruising and inability to move. 3.Deformity If deformity is found, it can usually be directly affirmed that there is a fracture, but for the elderly, the external force of the injury is relatively mild, and sometimes the deformity is not obvious, which can lead to a missed diagnosis. Commonly, hip fractures can have the foot exostosis of the lower extremity, and forearm fractures show a lateral view of the wrist as a “fork-like” deformity at the dinner table. In case of a fracture at home, or suspected fracture, emergency treatment should be done and then sent to the hospital for rescue. Second, the family first aid measures 1, suspected fracture, should quickly use homemade splints to fix the affected area to relieve pain and prevent fracture displacement, the family can be used on the board pad cotton or soft towel plus soft rope fixed. The board should grow out of the upper and lower joints of the fracture site and do more than joint fixation so as to completely fix the affected limb. If the board is not available at home, it can be replaced by a branch, rolling pin, umbrella, newspaper roll, etc. If it is not fixed, the movement of the fracture site may cause dislocation of the fracture break and may damage the nerves and blood vessels, causing paralysis of the limb. However, since the fracture is constantly swollen due to local internal bleeding, it should not be fixed too tightly, otherwise it will compress the blood vessels causing limb ischemia and bruising blockage. 2. During fixation and transfer, pay attention to the patient’s consciousness, breathing and heartbeat, observe the depth of the patient’s respiratory rate, and carry a simple respirator or oxygen machine when available. 3.For open fractures with skin rupture, if there is more bleeding, use sterile gauze or clean towel to compress, and then use splint outside the gauze to compress to stop bleeding, and then send to hospital for resuscitation. 4. Pay attention to the fixation method during the transfer, and those suspected of hip and lumbar fractures should be carried on a hard bed, especially those with lumbar fractures should be turned over by 2-3 people at the same time to prevent the fracture block from protruding into the spinal canal and causing lower limb paralysis.