The common causes of hard lumps visible next to the anus are the following: First, if the patient has had hemorrhoids in the past, after eating chili peppers or drinking a lot of alcohol will lead to bruising and swelling of the hemorrhoid nucleus, hemorrhoid vein stasis to form a thrombus, which is manifested as a hard perianal mass with pain when touched. Secondly, if the patient has an anal gland infection, the inflammatory mass will appear around the anus, which is manifested by local redness, swelling, heat and pain, and may be a perianal abscess, which can be clearly diagnosed by perianal ultrasound. Thirdly, if the patient has hard masses around the anus with uneven surface, sometimes there is also discharge and the surface is cauliflower-shaped, it cannot be completely ruled out whether it is anal canal cancer, and local biopsy is needed for clear diagnosis. There are many reasons for hard masses around the anus, which should be combined with physical examination and auxiliary examination if necessary to make a clear diagnosis.