At present, the treatment of children’s craniocerebral tumors is still based on surgery, supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy and other auxiliary therapies to achieve comprehensive treatment. Before surgery, firstly, we should consider the comprehensive physical condition of the child patients, the location of the tumor, the type of pathology and the ability of the child to tolerate the surgery, etc., and formulate a targeted surgical resection plan: for low-grade gliomas, in order to get a good result, total resection should be carried out as far as possible; for the tumors of the important functional areas such as the motor center, the speech center, the visual center and other important functional areas, in order to improve the quality of life of children, the risks and postoperative effects should be made fully reasonable. For tumors in important functional areas such as motor center, speech center, visual center, etc., in order to improve the quality of life of the children, the risks and postoperative effects of the surgery should be reasonably assessed and resected with caution; for cases where too much of the tumor tissue can not be resected, biopsy should be performed to clarify the pathological nature of the tumor, so as to provide a pathological basis for the future treatment. In addition, the surgery should be performed under the microscope and supplemented with intraoperative MRI, neuronavigation, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring and other techniques to maximize tumor resection as much as possible with the premise of preserving nerve function. From the perspective of postoperative complications, surgical resection of brain tumors in children is often accompanied by postoperative fever, intracranial infection, intracranial pneumoperitoneum, postoperative hematoma, postoperative acute hydrocephalus, cerebrospinal fluid leakage from the wound, and brainstem injury. Radiation therapy is an effective treatment for cases of high malignancy, recurrent tumors after surgery, or incomplete surgical resection. Medulloblastoma is the most sensitive to radiation therapy among cranial tumor conditions in children, and other types of gliomas have varying degrees of sensitivity to radiation therapy. In addition pineal cell tumors, germ cell tumors, and pituitary adenomas are generally highly sensitive to radiotherapy. In conjunction with recent clinical data, radiotherapy has also been shown to have a significant prognostic effect in children with craniopharyngiomas. Statistics show that after whole brain and spinal cord radiotherapy + localized radiotherapy, the 5-year recurrence-free rate of children can be as high as 50% or more. It is worth noting that, for children under 3 years old, due to poor tolerance to radiotherapy, they are prone to growth retardation, cognitive disorders and endocrine disorders, for which relatively good results can be obtained by adopting conventional dose local radiotherapy, low-dose whole-brain whole-spinal cord radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy.