It is possible for the emphysema area to expand. Emphysema is an irreversible chronic disease of the respiratory tract, the cause of which is currently unknown, with smoking being the predominant risk factor. Prolonged exposure to irritants or recurrent infections may aggravate the disease and cause further progression of emphysema, leading to an increase in the extent of the lesion and worsening of the signs and symptoms of emphysema with disease progression. Emphysema cannot be cured at present, but the progression of the disease can be slowed by timely and effective treatment. Patients with emphysema should quit smoking, strengthen nutrition, enhance body immunity, and prevent the occurrence of lung infections. At the same time, symptomatic treatment can be used, such as the use of aminobromine and other cough and phlegm, tiotropium bromide and other bronchodilators to relieve symptoms of shortness of breath. If there are special indications, surgery can be performed. If the diagnosis is emphysema, it is recommended to consult a doctor in time and standardize the treatment under the doctor’s guidance to control the progress of the disease and improve the quality of life.