According to statistics, at present, every 8 couples in China, there is 1 pair of infertility, which brings serious impact on the harmony of the family and society. Infertility caused by ovulation disorders between the pituitary gland and ovaries of the female accounts for about 20% to 40%, most of which are the direct consequence of endocrine diseases (including premature ovarian failure, polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, thyroid disorders, etc.). In recent years, the adverse effects of many metabolic disorders, such as obesity and abnormalities of glucose and lipid metabolism, on female/male fertility have also been increasingly recognized. For women with endocrine metabolic disorders, even if assisted reproduction is successful and the fetus grows in such a maternal intrauterine environment, the future health of the fetus is of concern. Therefore, active screening and treatment of endocrine metabolic disorders in women is essential for normal and healthy human reproduction. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) accounts for 30% to 60% of ovulation-disordered infertility and is a common endocrine-metabolic disorder in adolescent and reproductive-age women, with a prevalence rate of approximately 5% to 10%.The clinical manifestations of PCOS are diverse, and can range from cutaneous alterations, such as acne, hirsuteness, or alopecia, gynecological endocrine and reproductive problems, such as scanty or amenorrhea, scanty ovulation, or anovulation, to insulin resistance and/or hyperandrogenemia, endocrine metabolic abnormalities such as abnormal glucose-lipid metabolism, fatty liver, hyperuricemia, and obesity, the latter of which is likely one of the root causes of the former. It is now known that insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia play an important role in the development of PCOS, while obesity (especially abdominal obesity) has a catalytic role in the development of PCOS. With the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyles and the proliferation of environmental endocrine disruptors, women’s health is facing more and more challenges, and PCOS is gradually becoming a major killer of modern women’s health and beauty. Many patients suffer from changes in appearance such as hirsuteness, acne, obesity, and lack of feminine features, as well as hormonal disorders and fear of infertility, resulting in a significant reduction in quality of life, especially in emotional and social functioning. These in turn affect the emotional centers, leading to abnormal secretion in the pituitary hypothalamus, which further exacerbates endocrine disruption and affects ovulation, making the chances of conception even lower. Adipose tissue plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of the PCOS phenotype, not only because fat is an energy storehouse, but more importantly, it is the largest endocrine gland in the body and is involved in a wide range of physiopathological processes, such as the closely related regulation of insulin sensitivity. It has been found that a 10% weight loss significantly improves insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia, and improves menstruation and ovulation. Therefore, a healthy lifestyle and prevention of overweight or obesity are the cornerstones of PCOS treatment. In addition, pharmacological interventions have an important place, including drugs that increase insulin sensitivity, such as metformin, which improves the androgenized ovarian microenvironment caused by hyperinsulin resistance, restores ovulatory menstruation and corrects metabolic abnormalities, and drugs that correct hyperandrogenemia and regulate menstruation, as well as ovulation-promoting drugs. The treatment of PCOS is a process of comprehensive management, as well as the development of individualized prevention and treatment strategies and follow-up plans according to the different claims of patients. For patients with PCOS, publicity should be strengthened, knowledge should be popularized, and patients should be informed of the possible related clinical manifestations, signs, and long-term complications, so as to achieve early detection, early treatment, and standardized management of the disease.