Laryngeal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of head and neck. In China, laryngeal cancer accounts for about 1% to 2% of systemic tumors and 11% to 22% of ENT cancers, and its incidence rate has been increasing year by year. In China, the incidence rate is higher in the north than in the south, higher in the city than in the countryside, and higher in men than in women. The larynx is located in the center of the front of the neck, connected to the pharynx, the trachea and the vocal folds, which is not only an important channel for whistling, but also an important vocal organ. Once cancer occurs, it will definitely affect the whistling and pronunciation, so the early diagnosis and treatment of laryngeal cancer should be highly valued. The treatment of laryngeal cancer has shifted from the traditional single mode of mainly surgical resection to the mode of combined application of various treatments such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and biotherapy. Minimally invasive treatment techniques (such as endoscopic techniques, thermal therapy techniques, cryotherapy techniques, interventional techniques, photodynamic therapy, etc.) can preserve laryngeal function as much as possible without lowering the survival rate of patients. At present, the 5-year survival rate of laryngeal cancer and the retention of laryngeal function have reached about 70% respectively. Radiotherapy: (1) Vocal cord cancer with Tis, T1a, T1b lesions and normal movement of vocal cords; (2) supraglottic laryngeal cancer with lesions less than 1cm; (3) patients with poor systemic condition, who are not suitable for surgery; (4) cancers with wide range of lesions that affect the laryngopharynx can be treated by preoperative radiotherapy first. Radiotherapy can cure about 80% of early laryngeal cancer patients, but it is difficult to be accepted by the majority of patients due to the long treatment time, high cost, great damage to the surrounding tissues, many complications in the process of treatment, and the therapeutic effect is not easy to be observed, etc. However, no matter pure radiotherapy or simple radiotherapy, it is not suitable for the patients. However, no matter it is pure radiotherapy or as a part of comprehensive treatment, its failure rate is about 20% in early stage tumors and about 60% in late stage tumors. At present, it is believed that the absolute indication for postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy should be cases with positive surgical margins, but not all surgically treated cases have undergone pathological examination of surgical margins, which makes the evaluation of the value of postoperative radiotherapy difficult and needs further study. Chemotherapy: The efficacy is not yet certain, and induction chemotherapy is expensive, the treatment time is long, the toxic reaction is heavy, and there is a certain risk in the treatment. And its therapeutic effect is not better than the same case using radiotherapy or surgery alone. However, it has been reported in the literature that induction chemotherapy plus radiotherapy can significantly reduce distant metastasis compared with traditional surgery plus radiotherapy, and the application value of radiotherapy has to be further studied. Laser or argon knife treatment: suitable for early laryngeal cancer, laryngeal carcinoma in situ and vocal cord cancer. Endoscopic microscopic laser surgery or argon knife treatment for early laryngeal cancer has good application prospect. Its advantage lies in the fact that when CO₂ laser vaporization or argon knife cuts the tumor, it can close the blood vessels and lymphatic vessels at any time, the traumatic surface does not bleed, and the surgical field is clean, which is conducive to seeing smaller malignant lesions under the microscope, and it also reduces the need of intraoperative and postoperative transfusion and blood transfusion and moreover reduces the possibility of lymph or blood line metastasis. The high temperature can completely kill tumor cells, bacteria, virus, etc., and does not cause planting and infection of cancer cells. Laser treatment only forms a very thin layer of damaged cells to the neighboring normal tissues, the wound generally does not have edema, has little effect on the function of the body’s immune system, and can also be reused in a short time. In addition, endoscopic application of CO₂ laser or argon knife for laryngeal cancer treatment also has the characteristics of accurate, rapid and thorough resection of lesions, as well as preserving the normal laryngeal tissues to the maximum extent and affecting the laryngeal function to the minimum extent. If T1 laryngeal cancer lesions reach the anterior commissure or the cartilage of vocal folds, laser or argon knife can be used for radical treatment, but the damage is big and the postoperative phonation is not as good as radiotherapy. However, some scholars think that T1 laryngeal cancer involving the anterior coalition and the posterior 1/3 of the vocal folds is not suitable for laser treatment. For patients with recurrence after radiotherapy, laser or argon knife treatment can also be considered. (1) Laryngeal split vocal cord resection: for one side of early vocal cord cancer not involving the anterior coalition or vocal folds; for those with normal vocal cord movement; (2) Vertical hemilaryngectomy: for one side of vocal cord cancer involving most of the length of the vocal folds, with the anterior coalition in the front, invasion of the vocal folds and vocal folds in the back, invasion of the laryngeal ventricles and ventricular bands in the upward direction or invasion of the vocal folds and the lower vocal folds in the downward direction, and with normal or restricted vocal cord movement; (3) Supravocal cord resection: for patients with supravocal folds and vocal folds, and for those with normal or limited vocal fold movement. (3) Horizontal hemilaryngectomy: for supravocal cancer of epiglottis, ventricular band or aryepiglottic folds, which does not involve the anterior commissure, laryngeal ventricle or arytenoid cartilage; (4) Horizontal vertical partial laryngectomy: also known as 3/4 laryngectomy. (4) Horizontal vertical partial laryngectomy: also known as 3/4 laryngectomy, which is suitable for those whose supravocal cancer invades the vocal folds, but one side of the laryngeal chamber, vocal folds and aryepiglottic cartilage are normal, or those whose supravocal cancer does not involve the thyroid cartilage, the aryepiglottic area or the cricoid cartilage under the vocal folds. 5. Cryotherapy: It needs to be combined with surgery to remove the tumor by freezing, which is mainly used for those whose tumor is small and not worthy of surgery, or those whose tumor is large and surgery cannot remove all of the tumor, and supplemented with freezing to destroy the residual tumor. 6.Photodynamic therapy: it can be combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy, and has better therapeutic effect on superficial lesions or lesions that recur after surgery. 7. Gene therapy: local injection of P53 gene or combined application with radiotherapy and chemotherapy can achieve good therapeutic effect. For the treatment of advanced or middle-late stage laryngeal cancer, on the basis of radical resection, the direction of preserving laryngeal function should be developed. Combined treatment plan should be adopted: (1) Radiotherapy: with simple radiotherapy, the five-year survival rate is between 51% and 63%, and the local control rate is about 76%; if combined with photodynamic therapy, the survival rate can be greatly improved. The survival rate can be greatly improved if combined with photodynamic therapy, or postoperative combined radiotherapy. (2) Induction chemotherapy. Subsequently, depending on the therapeutic response, it will be categorized into two groups: those with good response will be treated with radiotherapy. For those who have no response after chemotherapy, surgery will be carried out to save them. The contribution of radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer has not been fully recognized. According to the literature, the five-year survival rates of the surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy group and the surgery alone group are 67.3% and 56.4%, respectively.