The incidence of pituitary tumors is about 1-7 per 100,000 people, with an increasing trend in recent years, probably related to environmental pollution and the development of diagnostic techniques. Pituitary tumors can be seen in all age groups, with the most frequent incidence in 30-60 years old, female:male=1.5-2:1. Pituitary tumors are most common in women of childbearing age, as changes in menstruation and reproductive function in women of childbearing age are most easily detected. Common symptoms 1. Nerve compression symptoms: When pituitary tumor grows larger, the patient will have headache, vision loss and narrowing of visual field because the tumor invades the meninges and compresses the optic nerve. If a driver suffers from this tumor, he or she will often bump into other vehicles when driving. Many patients with pituitary tumors go to the ophthalmology department because of vision loss, and further examination reveals pituitary tumors. Once the patient has vision loss, surgery should be performed as soon as possible to remove the tumor so that the optic nerve will not be pressed and atrophied for a long time and lead to blindness. 2.Change of endocrine function: Pituitary gland is the commander of endocrine system, which secretes many hormones (such as thyrotropin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropin-releasing hormone, growth hormone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, etc.) and regulates the secretion of other endocrine organs (such as thyroid gland, adrenal gland, breast gland, ovary, etc.). Prolactinoma, growth hormone tumor, adrenocorticotropic hormone tumor, thyroid hormone tumor, gonadotropin tumor) may cause disorders in the secretion of the corresponding target glands and cause the corresponding symptoms: 1. Women show menstrual disorders, lactation in non-lactating women, female infertility, and fluid secretion from nipples in male patients. Patients with abnormally high prolactin; 2.Growth hormone tumor: adult patients are tall, adult patients have thickened lips and mouth, thick nasal wings, large hands and feet, and shoes need to be replaced year after year; some patients may have severe hyperglycemia or diabetes mellitus; patients with abnormally high growth hormone; 3.Adrenocorticotropic hormone tumor: patients often show facial obesity (commonly known as full-moon face), perioral hair, thick back, abdomen and thighs with purple lines or pregnancy. Some patients may have a variety of pituitary hormone abnormalities; some patients may have no pituitary hormone abnormalities, which is called non-functional pituitary tumor. According to the medical history and endocrine hormone examination, if there is any abnormality, or if the patient’s vision decreases significantly within a short period of time, the tumor can be detected by MRI scan and enhanced pituitary scan. For tumors larger than 1cm, the most effective method is surgical excision. If the tumor is completely excised, it can be cured if it is non-invasive, and the 5-year recurrence rate is less than 10%. Therefore, the first choice of treatment for pituitary tumor is surgical resection; 2.Medication: for prolactin type tumor, only some patients are effective for bromocriptine and other medication; 3.Radiotherapy: it is mostly used as adjuvant treatment for patients whose tumors are widely infiltrated and cannot be completely excised. For tumors less than 1cm (commonly known as pituitary microadenoma), if the patient is worried about surgery, gamma knife treatment can be used. After treatment, hormone and MRI should be reviewed regularly. IV. Treatment effect Endoscopic and microscopic tumors can mostly be completely removed. After surgery, some patients can recover their vision to different degrees, and 60%~80% of endocrine function can be restored to normal. Some patients who cannot get pregnant because of prolactinoma can get pregnant after tumor resection. If the tumor is completely resected, the recurrence is less, and if there is recurrence, it can be resected again. V. Common complications Uroemesis (mostly recoverable within six months), endocrine hypofunction, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, infection, etc. Serious complications can be life-threatening.