Hearing impairment is one of the common birth defects. Hearing loss in infants and children directly affects their language formation, mainly manifesting as unclear articulation, which can even lead to deafness in severe cases. At the same time, the delay in language development can also affect the development of children’s psychological, intellectual and social communication skills, bringing a heavy burden to families and society. Newborn hearing screening is: a hearing test performed on each newborn child during hospitalization. Based on the test results, all subjects are divided into two groups: those who pass the screening and those who do not pass the screening. The fail group is the group with suspected hearing impairment and must undergo further testing to ultimately determine if there is a true hearing impairment and the extent and nature of the hearing impairment. Newborn hearing screening is an objective, rapid and non-invasive test performed in the natural sleep or quiet state of the newborn after birth through electrophysiological techniques such as otoacoustic emission, automatic auditory brainstem response and acoustic impedance. The test is usually completed in only 5 to 10 minutes. Newborns undergo an initial hearing screening after 48 hours of life. The stage of rapid language development in children is mainly from 0 to 3 years old, while hearing impairment is usually not detected until after the child is 2 years old through routine physical examination or parental observation. Missing the period of rapid language development in children can delay the best time for rehabilitation. Therefore, the implementation of auditory monitoring can provide early diagnosis for most children with hearing impairment, thus effectively achieving “early detection, early diagnosis, and early intervention” and minimizing the adverse effects of hearing impairment on children.